Genetic Code and Translation: Codons, Anticodons, and Wobble Rules

What is the start codon in translation?

AUG (codes for Methionine)

What are the 3 stop codons?

UAA, UAG, UGA

In what direction is the mRNA codon read?

5' → 3'

In what direction is the tRNA anticodon read?

3' → 5'

What is the relationship between codon and anticodon?

They are complementary and antiparallel.

What is the wobble base?

First base of anticodon; allows flexible pairing.

Wobble rule: Anticodon U pairs with?

A or G

Wobble rule: Anticodon G pairs with?

C or U

Wobble rule: Anticodon A pairs with?

U only

Wobble rule: Anticodon C pairs with?

G only

Wobble rule: Anticodon I pairs with?

U, C, A

What defines a reading frame?

Triplet grouping of codons starting at the first AUG.

What does "degenerate genetic code" mean?

Multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

Which codon position usually varies in degeneracy?

3rd base

What does "universal genetic code" mean?

Same codons → same amino acids across most species.

What molecule recognizes codons?

tRNA anticodon