APUSH Unit 3 - 226-231

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A war resulting from the assimilation of Native Americans

• Won by the U.S.; Indians continued to resist, promoting the Treaty of Greenville

• NA resisted both forms of domination (Land distribution and family structure)

• Indians joined with the Miami and Potawatomi Indians to form the Western Confederacy to protect their lands—crushed the Americans

Treaty of Greenville

A treaty resulting from the continued resistance of NA to assimilate

Agreements:

1. Americans would acknowledge Indian land ownership

2. For certain payments, the Western confederacy ceded most of Ohio

3. Indian peoples would accept American sovereignty (Under the protection of the U.S.)

Significance: The American advancements caused Britain to agree, in Jay’s Treaty, to reduce its trade and military aid to Indians in the trans-Appalachian region

• Sparked a wave of white migration; new land conflicts + hunting rights

Native American Assimilation

Figures like Henry Knox wished to assimilate NA’s into Euro-American society

• Proposed the division of trivial lands among individual Indian families

• Indians did not wish to assimilate—went against their tribal and cultural beliefs

• Caused tension over the control of land

• Americans attempted to force tribes to cede the Ohio River Valley—only caused more tension

Eli Whitney

An American inventor who constructed the Gin machine, which efficiently extracted seeds from its strands

• Cotton was in high demand and production was raised due to industrialization

The Cotton Boom

A highly demanded item that only increased as the technologies of Great Britiains’ Industrial Revolution created water-powered spinning Jennies and weaving mules

• Boosted the textile production in England

Migration and the Changing Economy

Southern Migrants:

• Composed of white Tennant farmers and Yeomen families who ventured to Kentuky and Tennessee

• Goal: Freedom and liberation from a planter-controlled society; wished to prosper by growing cotton and hemp

• Did not have sufficient funds to buy land

Exodus from New England:

• New England farmers moved west and settled in New York

• Preferred to buy farms; signed contracts or sought better land

• Switched to growing different crops like potatoes to compete in the economy

Result of Farming Migration

The new farm economy in New York, Ohio, and Kentucky forced major changes in Eastern farms

• New England farmers switched to growing potatoes

• Middle Atlantic farmers bought more efficient farming equipment

Result: High crop production and higher living standards—longer life span. Additionally, European demand for American goods was still high, boosting their economy.

Virginia’s Elitist Vision

As Southern farmers moved to Kentucky and Tennessee, they did not have the funds to buy land.

• Resorted to claiming the back waste vacant lands or settled as squatters

• Virginia legislatures allowed poor settlers to buy land at a reduced price

Result: Sold and granted huge tracts of land to speculators and leading men, resulting in an uneven settlement of land and migration to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois