Developmental Psych 1 Midterm (Ch. 1-8)

Which kind of research design or method would be best suited for determining if age and obesity are related?

CORRELATIONAL

What is the chemical material that makes up genes and chromosomes?

DNA

In regard to infancy brain development, which term means the ability of the brain to change in response to experience?

Plasticity

Which theorist came up with the theory symbiotic relationship?

Freud

The toddler is understanding that he or she is defined by various categories such as age and gender, is defined as?

EMOTIONAL REGULATION

What part of an experiment is the presumed causal (cause)?

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

When looking at early childhood social and personality development which theorist- initiative versus guilt?

Erickson

Discontinuity is considered what kind of change?

QUALITATIVE

Which is not a developmental concept of philosophical and scientific roots?

SPIRITUAL GROWTH

Which domain of development do psychologists consider the most crucial to maturation (becoming mature)?

ALL OF THE ABOVE

The debate about the relative contributions of biological processes and experimental factors?

NATURE VS NURTURE

Which design or method studies a combination of age groups over a long period of time and can eliminate the cohort effect?

SEQUENTIAL

What is the term for the process for which brain functions are divided between two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

LATERALIZATION

The term used when preschoolers begin categorizing people on other categories?

PERSON RECEPTION

.Social learning theorists emphasize the role of --------- in shaping children's gender development?

PARENTS

Aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to injure another person or damage an object, the emphasis on -------- separates it from rough and tumble play versus true aggression?

INTENTIONALITY

What is the term for a mutual interlocking pattern of attachment behaviors shared between a child and parent?

SYNCHRONY

The language milestone that infants develop at 12 months?

EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

The term that means a decline in attention occurs because a stimulus has become familiar?

HABITUATION

About the age of 4-8 months Piogot theorizes that an infant develops ------- where it begins responding to others?

SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS

Who theorized that social interactions between children are critical to both cognitive and social development?

VYGOTSKY

What is it called when an infant imitates something that occurs in the absence of the model that first demonstrated it?

DEFERRED IMITATION

Research suggest that both nature and nurture contribute to individual differences in temperament, which of the following does NOT play a role in temperament development?

BIRTH WEIGHT

The ability for a child to identify with another person's emotional state is called?

EMPATHY

Psychologists agree that family relationships constitute one of the most if not the most influential in early childhood development, which parenting style is high in all 4 dimensions and considered the most effective (not temperament)?

AUTHORITATIVE

Prosocial behavior is intentional and voluntary, its purpose is to help another person in some way. Which is NOT instrumental in prosocial behavior?

SELFISHNESS

What term means the gradual unfolding of a genetically programmed sequential change?

MATURATION

Who proposed the controversially idea that children experience sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent?

FREUD.

Bandura is more popular with developmental phycologists than conditioning theorists because?

HE DIDN'T BELIEVE LEARNING REQUIRED REINFORCEMENT

The unique genetic blueprint that categorizes a new individual?

GENOTYPE

When does fetal exposure to teratogens cause the greatest risk? 3-8 WEEKS

EMBRYONIC

Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory classifies context interactions and development, institutions of culture that affect indirectly?

SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONTEXT

The term that means that the infant has an understanding that objects continue to exist when they can't be seen?

OBJECT PERMANENCE

In Piaget's view a child develops the understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quantity?

CONSERVATION

One model for explaining child abuse causes, classifies these risk factors into 4 categories, which is NOT a risk?

AGE OF THE CHILD

The understanding that gender is a component of the self that is not altered by external appearance is?

GENDER CONSTANCY

Inductive discipline is a strategy when parents explain to children why a punished behavior is wrong, what is a variable to consider?

TEMPERAMENT

Attachment is the emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant where they require security, which is NOT an attachment quality?

SEPARATION

Which psychoanalytic theorist claims that children acquire gender through the process of identification?

FREUD

Chapter 1. Evidence for critical periods of physical development is undeniable. However, for other aspects of development, there seems to be greater

A. Rigidity

B. Plasticity

C. Acceptability

D. Latency

Plasticity

Chapter 2. Behaviorists look for events that will determine whether or not a particular behavior will be repeated. This mental link is referred to as

A. Associative Learning*

B. Unconscious learning

C. Intelligence

D. Personality

Associative Learning

Chapter 3. Temperament seems largely determined by

A. the age of your parents when you were conceived

B. the number of sibling you have

C. your genotype*

D. your karyotype

Your genotype

Chapter 4. Which of the following behaviors has lead researchers to conclude that fetuses develop preferences for the kinds of sounds they hear while in the womb?

A. Newborns prefer male voices to female voices

B. Newborns prefer female voices to male voices

C. Newborns usually turn their head toward the sound of their mother's voice*

D. Fetuses blink in response to sound.

C. Newborns usually turn their head toward the sound of their mother's voice

The series of uterine and cervical changes that occur two weeks before delivery are called

Parturtion

In infancy, lack of appropriate growth for no known medical cause, accompanied by poor developmental and emotional functioning is known as

Nonorganic failure to thrice

Amy knowns that when she stands quietly by her grandfathers chair, he will reach over and tickle her under her chin. When a child learns to behave in a specific wat to obtain a specific result, what is occuring?

Operant conditioning

WHen an unfamiliar child takes away 1-year-old Marla's toy, she looked questionably at her mother. This is an example of

Social referencing