IB Bio HL 4.2

List and define the three strands to biodiversity:

1.

2.

3.

List and define the three strands to biodiversity:1. Ecosystem diversity is the variety of ecosystems found in an area or on Earth.

2. Species Diversity is the number and relative abundance of species found within an ecosystem.

3. Genetic Diversity is the variety of genes and alleles present in a species. Species with high genetic diversity are more likely to survive changes to the environment through the process of natural selection.

Explain the difference between lumpers and splitters in taxonomy

Some taxonomists are 'splitters' who recognize more species in a taxonomic group than scientists who are 'lumpers'.'Lumpers' classify by focussing on similarities between groups of organisms. 'Splitters' classify by focussing on differences between groups of organisms.

______ species extinction is the loss of species due to human activities.

Anthropogenic species extinction is the loss of species due to human activities.

Human activities are causing species extinction for the following reasons:

Human activities are causing species extinction for the following reasons:

Habitat destruction

Climate change

Pollution

Overexploitation (often over-hunting of an animal)

Invasive species

Disease

Why did the giant moa become extinct?

- predators- hunting- overexploitation

Biodiversity should consider the _____ (number of different species) and _____ (how close the population numbers are to each other) of species present in an ecosystem.

Biodiversity should consider the richness (number of different species) and evenness (how close the population numbers are to each other) of species present in an ecosystem.

A ___ index value suggests a stable site with many different niches (high richness and evenness, usually a climax community).

The index value may decrease in response to an ecological disturbance (such as human intervention or natural disasters).

A____ index valuesuggests a site with few potential niches where only a few species dominate (low richness and evenness).

A high index value suggests a stable site with many different niches (high richness and evenness, usually a climax community).

The index value may decrease in response to an ecological disturbance (such as human intervention or natural disasters).

A low index valuesuggests a site with few potential niches where only a few species dominate (low richness and evenness).

Simpson's diversity index variables

D = ?

N = ?

n = ?

D = Diversity index

N = Total number of organisms

n = Number of organisms in a particular species.

__________________ is the reason for biodiversity loss around the world.

The growing human population is the reason for biodiversity loss around the world.

Introduced species become _____ when they harm their non-native ecosystem.

_____ species disrupt food webs resulting in the loss of biodiversity.

Introduced species become invasive when they harm their non-native ecosystem.

Invasive species disrupt food webs resulting in the loss of biodiversity.

___-situ conservation of species outside of their natural habitat includes:- zoos and botanic gardens- Storage of germ plasm in seed or tissue banks

ex-situ conservation of species outside of their natural habitat includes:- zoos and botanic gardens- Storage of germ plasm in seed or tissue banks

___-situ conservation of species in their natural habitats includes:- Management of nature reserves- Rewilding and reclamation of degraded ecosystems

in-situ conservation of species in their natural habitats includes:- Management of nature reserves- Rewilding and reclamation of degraded ecosystems

Seed banks store seeds to preserve ____ variety. The seeds can be used to restore ecosystems in the future.

Seed banks store seeds to preserve genetic variety. The seeds can be used to restore ecosystems in the future.

What does the EDGE Program stand for (how do they select organisms for conservation?)

The EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered) programme highlights and protects some of the most unique endangered species.

1. Evolutionary distinctiveness

2. Global endangerment