Studied by 36 people
Feudal System
Social system organized according to class that included lords, nobles, royalty, peasants, and serfs
Atheism
denial of the existence of God
Indulgence
Removal of some or all of the temporal punishment for sins that have already been forgiven
Plenary Indulgence
the forgiveness of all punishments due to sin
Lords
Ruled over individual districts known as manors
Serfs
Poor farmers who were bound to the manor where they were born
Louis IX
The king of France who promoted Christianity throughout his kingdom and died a Saint
Simony
the act of buying or selling Church Privileges
Lay Investiture
the appointment of the clergy by lay people
Temporal Punishment
The consequence of sin which entails an unhealthy attachment to creatures which must be purified wither here on earth on after death in a state called purgatory
Monks
considered the ideal Christians during this time period who worked to keep the faith
Abbey of Cluny
Founded in 910, restored Benedictine Rule to what it originally was, stressed liturgy and continuous prayer, generous to the poor, many members became pope, under the pope (royalty couldnât control)
Hermit
had a desire for penance and poverty that drove many men and women into secluded places: forests, caves, islands, and deserts
Anchorite
Men and women who shut themselves up in cells built against the sides of churches for a life of prayer
St. Bruno
Combined the life of a hermit (eremitic life) with communal life
Cistercians
A new order founded to recapture the Benedictine austerity, Very poor in clothing, food, and buildings, Simple liturgy, Solitude in the middle of forests, Known for clearing and improving the land, Most well-known Cistercian- St. Bernard of Clairvaux
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Worked at clergy reform and the Christianization of society, Stressed union with God over asceticism (strong self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence), Taught that all religion should lead to charity, A Father of the Church, Founded 66 abbeys in his lifetime
Regular Canons
Priests who followed the religious rule of St. Augustine (Rule of St. Augustine is based on love of God and neighbor)
Jesus and Mohammed
OPPOSITES: Jesus-forgive enemies, turn the other cheek, love your neighbor
Mohammed-raid, pillage, murder (even a mother sleeping with her children), fight, and force conversions, 15 wives (youngest 9, 11 at one time)
Jihad
holy war, accepted death enthusiastically in their âstriving on the road to Godâ
Results of Muslim domain
Church center shifts from Rome to North, Constantinople most important Christian center in East
Galileo (edpuzzle)
Spread heresy even though the Church supported his theories, treated theories as facts, Church allowed him to continue studies while under house arrest (in a luxurious room)
Psalter (from textbook)
the book of Psalms
List the 3 conditions for a Mortal Sin
Grave matter, full knowledge of the evil of the act, complete consent
List and know the 4 last things
Death, Judgement, Heaven, and Hell
JOY stand for
Jesus, Others, Yourself
At this time, it was the Catholic faith that united the people of _____________
Europe
Know the major abuses going on during the High Middle Ages and the Churchâs response to them
Holy things sold, selling of indulgence, lay investiture, Concorde of worms (1122), Lateran Council (1123); The Church REFORMED
When did the crusades begin?
1095
Who asked for the crusades and why?
Emperor Alexius of the Eastern Roman Empire to help protect Eastern Christians
What had been the Christian response to 400 years of killing, enslavement, robbing, etc. prior to the crusades?
they prayed for their enemies
Council of Clermont
Pope Urban II called all Christians to come to the aid of their Eastern brothers and sisters
Who was supposed to be in charge of the crusades and who wasnât?
Pope and representative in charge, Kings and Princes not in charge
What motivated people to fight in the crusades?
Religious conviction, Promise of money, land, indulgences, etc. if they survived (66% died)
What was the end result of the 4 major Crusades?
failure to retake Holy Lands
What did the Venetians do during the 4th Crusade, what was the popeâs response?
Sacked Constantinople; Pope excommunicated them
What were the lasting effects on the East/West relationship because of the Crusades?
drove the wedge deeper between the east and west
Ecclesiastical Inquisition
Official Catholic court that examined charges of heresy; Church would judge cases, state or civil powers: NOT INQUISITION - who would try the heretic and punished them with imprisonment, fines, pilgrimages, or death
What were the goals of the Inquisition Court?
Conversion and Salvation
What religious group of people was tried at the Inquisitional Court?
only Catholics
Why did the Civil governments (not the Church) put heretics to death?
it was seen as destructive to the social order
Did creating the Ecclesiastical Inquisition increase or decrease deaths?
decrease
How often was torture used and for how long?
2% overall once for 15 minutes
What was the Churchâs penalty for being Heretic?
excommunication
What did the Civil Governments sometimes do to a person who had been guilty of heresy?
killed them
What were the 3 goals of the Crusades in a nutshell? (ESSAY)
help people, protect people, and prevent more people from dying
The crusades are seen as a dark mark on Church History. Some argue that the Church cannot claim to be infallible in her teachings because she promoted a religious war that was clearly unjust. How would you answer this viewpoint? (ESSAY)
There is a difference between revealed teachings of Christ (those things which are infallibly proclaimed by the Church) and mistakes made by people within the Church. Also, the Crusades were a response to 400 years of suffering! Thatâs longer than the United States has existed. People seem to forget it. The Church is made up of sinners and saints.
âThere is no saint without a past and no sinner without a future.â -St. Augustine
Note 
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