Hormones Part 1

Hormones aka chemical receptors functions are to :

*regulate body functions

-transport stuff through blood/bodily fluid

-Several hormones can work together to regulate a single body function or make cells react by attaching to other receptors

-Different cells can respond differently to the same hormone

Define up-regulati0on versus down-regulation

⚬Up-regulation: the cell makes more hormone receptors

⚬Down-regulation: the cell makes fewer hormone receptors

Every cell contains at least _______ hormone receptor sites either on the outside (cell surface) or inside

2,000-100,000

Name the 4 categories of hormones:

amino acids, proteins, cholesterol, & fatty acids

Name the 4 glands the deal w/ hormones:

Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, & Pancreas

This organ is known as the “Gland Master” & attaches the hypothalamus at the base of the brain

pituitary gland

This organ is responsible for all endocrine functions:

hypothalamus

The Pituitary gland has 2 lobes. Name them and list the shorter one.

posterior & anterior…..only ADH (antidiuretic) & Oxytocin are on the posterior

ADH increases _______ in the kidney.

water absorption

Oxytocin stimulates ______.

uterine contraction

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulates secretion of ________.

thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) stimulates secretion of ___________.

adrenal cortical hormones

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates growth of ________ in females and _____ in males.

ovarian follicle, ovulation in females; stimulates sperm production in males

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) stimulates the production of ______ in females & ______ in males.

estrogen and progesterone in females & testosterone in males

Prolactin promotes _____ and _____.

breast growth & milk production

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) works to ________.

control pigmentation of the skin

Define positive feedback & give example.

•Amplifies hormone production/release

•Example: Contractions during labor

Define negative feedback & give example.

•Sensors detect and increase in hormone levels ⟶ changes are initiated that cause a decrease in hormone production/release

•Example: Insulin released to lower blood glucose levels

Define feedback regulation

•Sensors detect change in hormone level ⟶ Hormone secretion is adjusted so that body levels are maintained within appropriate range

• via Negative Feedback or Positive Feedback

Which organ is responsible for Growth Hormone Releasing? What’s the name of the inhibitor it releases?

hypothalamus ……. Somatostatin

How do you treat GH Deficiency?

Replacement therapy with Growth Hormone or IGF

Too much GH in an adulthood =

Too much GH in an Gigantism =

adult = Acromegaly

child = Gigantism

Describe Gigantism (x4)

•Caused by adenoma

•GH excess before puberty

•Occurs before epiphysis of long bones fuse together, resulting in excessive skeletal growth

Describe Acromegaly (x3)

•Occurs after long bones have fused

•Linear height not affected

•Organs get bigger: Hands, feet, nose, heart, jaw, liver, Hunchback, barrel chest, goiter, bulbous nose, broad face, protruding jaw

How do you treat excess GH?

•Correction of tumors

•Medication that decreases GH levels

Name the 2 types of hypothyroidism

congenital (Cretinism: Mental retardation & Abnormal growth)

& acquired (Insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones to peripheral tissues)