Central Nervous System and Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Nursing Application

A collection of vocabulary flashcards focused on key terms and definitions related to the Central Nervous System and anti-inflammatory medications, aiding in study and understanding of the material.

Which of the following best characterizes the biological phenomenon of inflammation, including its primary cause and nature as a physiological response?

A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

B. Powerful pain relievers that can cause dependence; categorized as agonists and antagonists.

C. A localized, protective response that is stimulated by injury to tissues.

D. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

C

Identify the pharmacological category designed to alleviate pain while preserving the patient's cognitive awareness and consciousness.

A. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

B. Drugs that relieve pain without affecting consciousness.

C. Medications used to treat serious mental health disorders, including psychosis.

D. The ability to reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation.

B

Name the class of therapeutic agents distinct from corticosteroids, recognized for their efficacy in mitigating both inflammatory processes and pain perception.

A. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation and pain.

C. Anesthetic method administered into the epidural space.

D. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

B

Define the specific pharmacological capability of a substance to mitigate or eliminate sensations of discomfort.

A. The ability to relieve pain.

B. A localized, protective response that is stimulated by injury to tissues.

C. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

D. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

A

What term characterizes a drug's intrinsic capacity to diminish or suppress inflammatory responses within the body?

A. The ability to reduce inflammation.

B. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

C. A state of reliance on a drug, often leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly.

D. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

A

Describe the specific therapeutic impact of a pharmaceutical agent that results in a decrease of elevated body temperature.

A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation and pain.

B. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

C. The ability to reduce fever.

D. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

C

Name a representative Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that concurrently exhibits properties to combat inflammation, alleviate pain, and reduce fever.

A. A type of NSAID that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic properties.

B. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

C. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

D. A localized, protective response that is stimulated by injury to tissues.

A

Identify the class of pharmacological agents whose mechanism of action involves impeding the cyclooxygenase enzyme pathway, thereby suppressing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.

A. Drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandins.

B. Anesthetic method administered into the epidural space.

C. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

D. Powerful pain relievers that can cause dependence; categorized as agonists and antagonists.

A

Specify the specific eicosanoid that plays a crucial physiological role in modulating vascular tone, leading to vasodilation, and contributing significantly to the regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the kidneys.

A. Inflammation of the stomach lining, a potential side effect of NSAIDs.

B. Medicinal substances that cause paralysis by preventing nerve impulses from reaching skeletal muscles.

C. A prostaglandin involved in vasodilation and maintenance of GFR.

D. The ability to reduce inflammation.

C

Name the pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa, frequently observed as an adverse reaction to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).

A. Medications that block pain sensation in a localized area.

B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

C. Inflammation of the stomach lining, a potential side effect of NSAIDs.

D. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

C

What is the clinical term for an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the bloodstream, a condition that can manifest as an adverse effect of NSAID therapy?

A. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

C. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation and pain.

C

Identify a widely utilized pharmaceutical agent, not belonging to the opioid class, frequently prescribed for its dual efficacy in managing both nociceptive pain and pyrexia.

A. A non-opioid analgesic used to treat pain and fever.

B. A reduced response to a drug after prolonged use, requiring higher doses.

C. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

D. An anesthetic technique involving injection into the subarachnoid space.

A

Explain the pathophysiological consequence on renal function resulting from the administration of NSAIDs, specifically regarding their inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis.

A. A randomized clinical trial protocol.

B. Potential harm to kidney function due to prostaglandin inhibition by NSAIDs.

C. An anesthetic method administered into the epidural space.

D. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

B

Describe the specific hypermetabolic syndrome that can be acutely induced by certain anesthetic agents, leading to a rapid and sustained elevation of intracellular calcium in skeletal muscles, posing significant mortality risk.

A. Movement disorders associated with some antipsychotic medications.

B. A life-threatening condition triggered by certain anesthetics, leading to increased calcium levels in muscles.

C. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

D. A type of NSAID that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic properties.

B

Explain the patient-centric approach to pain management where individuals are empowered to self-regulate the delivery of analgesic medication within prescribed limits.

A. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

B. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

C. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

D. Inflammation of the stomach lining, a potential side effect of NSAIDs.

B

Identify the pharmacological classification of agents that exert their therapeutic effects by diminishing central nervous system activity, resulting in anxiolysis and the induction of a calm, often drowsy, state.

A. Movement disorders associated with some antipsychotic medications.

B. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

C. Potential harm to kidney function due to prostaglandin inhibition by NSAIDs.

D. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

D

Describe the potent class of analgesic compounds notorious for their potential to induce physical dependence, often subcategorized based on their receptor binding profiles as agonists or antagonists.

A. Powerful pain relievers that can cause dependence; categorized as agonists and antagonists.

B. A type of NSAID that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic properties.

C. A reduced response to a drug after prolonged use, requiring higher doses.

D. Drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandins.

A

Identify the critical adverse event associated with opioid administration, directly impacting respiratory function and potentially leading to life-threatening hypoventilation.

A. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

B. Drugs that relieve pain without affecting consciousness.

C. A state of reliance on a drug, often leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly.

D. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

A

Beyond their primary indication, which specific category of psychotropic medications is frequently repurposed and demonstrably effective in the long-term management of persistent, intractable pain syndromes?

A. Medications used to treat serious mental health disorders, including psychosis.

B. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

C. A non-opioid analgesic used to treat pain and fever.

D. Agents that cause paralysis by blocking nerve transmission in skeletal muscles.

B

Decipher the acronym 'SSRI' and describe the primary therapeutic application of this class of psychotherapeutic agents.

A. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

C. A reduced response to a drug after prolonged use, requiring higher doses.

D. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

B

Elucidate the full meaning of the acronym 'SNRI' and specify its mechanism of action as an antidepressant class.

A. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, another class of antidepressants.

B. The ability to relieve pain.

C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation and pain.

D. Medications that block pain sensation in a localized area.

A

Identify the category of pharmacological interventions principally employed in the management of severe psychiatric conditions, particularly those characterized by a loss of contact with reality, such as psychosis.

A. A non-opioid analgesic used to treat pain and fever.

B. Potential harm to kidney function due to prostaglandin inhibition by NSAIDs.

C. Medications used to treat serious mental health disorders, including psychosis.

D. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

C

Describe the constellation of involuntary motor dysfunctions that can present as adverse effects during treatment with certain antipsychotic pharmacological agents.

A. Movement disorders associated with some antipsychotic medications.

B. Medications used to treat serious mental health disorders, including psychosis.

C. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

D. A life-threatening condition triggered by certain anesthetics, leading to increased calcium levels in muscles.

A

Define the pharmacological phenomenon wherein an organism exhibits a progressively diminished physiological or psychological reaction to a particular drug following repeated or sustained administration, necessitating increased dosages to elicit the original therapeutic effect.

A. A state of reliance on a drug, often leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly.

B. A reduced response to a drug after prolonged use, requiring higher doses.

C. The ability to relieve pain.

D. A serious side effect of opioids that impairs breathing.

B

Characterize the physiological adaptation to a substance that results in adverse physical and psychological manifestations upon abrupt cessation or reduction of its intake.

A. A state of reliance on a drug, often leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly.

B. The ability to reduce fever.

C. A type of NSAID that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic properties.

D. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

A

Identify the pharmacological category of agents specifically designed to depress the central nervous system to varying degrees, facilitating a calming effect and promoting the onset of natural or artificial sleep.

A. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, another class of antidepressants.

B. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

C. Medications used to treat serious mental health disorders, including psychosis.

D. An anesthetic technique involving injection into the subarachnoid space.

B

Define the therapeutic property of an intervention or substance to decrease hyperactivity in skeletal muscles and promote a state of physiological calm.

A. The ability to reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation.

B. A localized, protective response that is stimulated by injury to tissues.

C. A state of reliance on a drug, often leading to withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly.

D. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

A

Identify the specific pharmacological compounds that induce flaccidity or absence of muscle function through interference with neuromuscular signal transduction.

A. Agents that cause paralysis by blocking nerve transmission in skeletal muscles.

B. A class of antidepressants often used to treat chronic pain.

C. Inflammation of the stomach lining, a potential side effect of NSAIDs.

D. Central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety and promote sedation.

A

Name the class of pharmaceutical agents designed to reversibly prevent the generation and conduction of nerve impulses in a specific region of the body, thereby abolishing localized pain perception.

A. A technology that allows patients to control the administration of medication for managing their pain.

B. Medications that block pain sensation in a localized area.

C. A reduced response to a drug after prolonged use, requiring higher doses.

D. An elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be a side effect of NSAIDs.

B

Describe the regional anesthetic procedure characterized by the introduction of an anesthetic solution directly into the cerebrospinal fluid within the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal.

A. Powerful pain relievers that can cause dependence; categorized as agonists and antagonists.

B. A method of pain control that allows patients to administer their own pain relief.

C. An anesthetic technique involving injection into the subarachnoid space.

D. A technique that allows patients to undergo procedures while in a lightly sedated state.

C

Identify the regional anesthetic technique that entails the delivery of medication into the anatomical region situated superficial to the dura mater but external to the spinal cord.

A. Potential harm to kidney function due to prostaglandin inhibition by NSAIDs.

B. A class of drugs that can induce sedation or sleep.

C. An anesthetic method administered into the epidural space.

D. The ability to reduce inflammation.

C

Describe the procedural approach where patients receive minimal to moderate sedation, enabling them to remain conscious and cooperative during medical interventions, yet sufficiently relaxed and comfortable.

A. Drugs that relieve pain without affecting consciousness.

B. A technique that allows patients to undergo procedures while in a lightly sedated state.

C. A localized, protective response that is stimulated by injury to tissues.

D. The ability to reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation.

B