Untitled Flashcards Set

Ecological Systems Theory

A framework developed by Bronfenbrenner that describes how a child's development is influenced by the different systems in their environment.

Microsystem

The immediate environment in which a child lives, such as family, school, and peers.

Mesosystem

The interconnections between the microsystems, such as relationships between family and teachers.

Exosystem

The broader social systems that do not directly include the child but still affect them, like parent's workplace or community services.

Macrosystem

The overarching cultural and societal influences that affect an individual, including laws, customs, and values.

Chronosystem

The dimension of time that reflects the changes and transitions in a person's life and environment.

Temperament

A person's characteristic emotional and behavioral style, which can influence their interactions with their environment.

Self-Concept

An individual's perception of themselves, including beliefs, values, and feelings about one's identity.

Authoritarian Parenting Style

A strict parenting style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness.

Authoritative Parenting Style

A balanced parenting style that combines high expectations with support and understanding.

Permissive Parenting Style

A lenient parenting style that allows considerable freedom and few demands on the child.

Attachment Styles

The patterns of attachment behaviors between children and their caregivers, influencing future relationships.

Secure Attachment

A healthy attachment style where children feel safe and comfortable with their caregivers.

Insecure Attachment

An unhealthy attachment style characterized by avoidance, anxiety, or disorganization in relationships.

Separation Anxiety

Distress experienced by children when separated from their primary caregiver.

Harlow’s Monkey Studies

Experiments demonstrating the importance of contact comfort in infant attachment, using monkeys raised with artificial mothers.

Parallel Play

A type of play where children play alongside each other but do not interact directly.

Pretend Play

Play in which children create imaginary scenarios and take on roles.

Adolescent Egocentrism

A developmental phase where adolescents focus excessively on themselves and their feelings.

Personal Fables

Beliefs held by adolescents that they are unique and their experiences are special.

Emerging Adulthood

A developmental stage occurring roughly between ages 18 and 25 characterized by exploration and self-discovery.

Social Clock

Culturally determined timeline for major life events, such as marriage and parenthood.

Psychosocial Development

The development of personality and social relationships across the lifespan, as proposed by Erikson.

Psychosocial Conflicts

Conflicts that arise at various stages of psychosocial development between personal growth and societal expectations.

Psychosexual Approach

Freud's theory that suggests early childhood experiences shape personality and behavior.

Trust & Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson's theory, emphasizing the importance of developing trust in caregivers.

Autonomy & Shame/Doubt

The second stage of Erikson's theory focused on developing a sense of independence.

Initiative & Guilt

The third stage of Erikson's theory regarding the ability to initiate actions and the feelings of guilt that may arise.

Industry & Inferiority

The fourth stage of Erikson's theory where children develop a sense of competence through achievement.

Identity & Role Confusion

The fifth stage of Erikson's theory focused on developing a personal identity and sense of self.

Intimacy & Isolation

The sixth stage of Erikson's theory concerning the ability to form intimate relationships.

Generativity & Stagnation

The seventh stage of Erikson's theory centered around contributing to society and the next generation.

Integrity & Despair

The eighth stage of Erikson's theory focusing on reflection on life and feelings of fulfillment or regret.

ACEs

Adverse Childhood Experiences; traumatic events that can impact long-term health and well-being.

Stages of Identity Development (Marcia)

Framework outlining four statuses of identity development: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement.

Identity Diffusion

A state where an individual has not yet made commitments and is not actively exploring options.

Identity Foreclosure

A state where an individual commits to an identity without exploring alternatives.

Identity Moratorium

A state where an individual is actively exploring identities but has not yet made commitments.

Identity Achievement

A state where an individual has explored options and made commitments to a coherent identity.