Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy

enlightenment philosopher who believed in the social contract

hobbes

people giving up some rights for government protection

social contract

philosopher against enlightenment and believed in a dictatorship

hobbes

enlightenment philosopher who believed natural rights are inalienable and it limits a king’s power

locke

life, liberty, property

natural rights

philosopher who believed in limited government

locke

enlightenment philosopher who believed most of the power should be in the legislative branch

locke

believed in the separation of powers

montesquie

believed in the idea of the general will

roussea

what idea does the phrase “majority rules” represent

general will

gov where there are restrictions of what a ruler can do

limited government

one way to take away liberty

jail

power of the people, consent of the governed

popular sovereignty

people elect representatives

republicanism

opposite of republicanism

direct dem

being searched in an airport gives you freedom to fly

social contract

america’s two party system

federalists, anti-federalists

written by publius (James M, Alex H, John Jay)

the federalist papers

intended audience of the federalist papers

ny citizens

purpose of the federalist papers

encourage ratification of constitution

claims the constitution creates a representative republic to control factions (interest groups)

fed 10

claims the constitution would leave states powerless

brutus 1

claims the country is too big for a republic

brutus 1

people vote on laws directly

direct dem

interest groups influence gov decisions/policy making

pluralist dem

elected representatives act as trustees for the voter; electoral college

elite dem

no: direct taxing, commerce regulating, maintaining army, president, national court

aoc

event that caused the need for a more effective government other than the AOC

shay’s rebellion

combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plan

great compromise

the people who decide the president

electors

citizens of a state can present their own laws and vote on it

initiatives

citizens of a state can question a policy or law passed by their legislature and vote on it

referendums

committee that drafted the AOC

continental congress

who wrote the 1776 draft of the articles

dickinson

delegates decided to count only 3 of every 5 slaved people to determine representation

3/5 compromise

the blueprint and rulebook for American democracy

constitution

writers of the constitution

grand committee

Let Every Jogger Run A Speedy Race

legislative, executive, judicial, relations among states, amending process, supremacy clause, ratification

votes requires for each process of amending the constitution

2/3 proposal, 3/4 ratification

ways for a proposal for ratification

congress or national convention

ways for a votefor ratification

state legislatures or state conventions

article # about ratification

7

the key considerations that influences the adoption of the constitution

bill of rights, fed papers

gave rights to interfere in citizen’s privacy after 9/11

usa patriot act

reason of separation of powers

prevent one branch rule

idea: a branch can check another’s power

checks and balances

perspective: protect minority rights from majority rule

fed 51

ways to access the government

email or through representatives

to accuse somebody (a government official) of misconduct

impeachment

only one who can impeach the president

the house

serves as the jury to determine guilt or innocence in impeachment

senate

a power the senate has that isn’t in the constitution

senate investigations

supreme law of the land

constitution

amendment # of reserved powers of the states

10

taxes collected at the federal level are distributed to the states

grants or federal revenue sharing

clear delineation of authority and programs among all levels of government

dual federalism

pragmatic mixing of anuthority and programs among all levels of government

cooperative federalism

system: power is shared between units of government

federalism

federalism: shared costs, federal guidelines, shared administration

cooperative

money given to states for a specific purpose; strings attached

categorial grants

when states ask for money

project grants

government decides who to give money to

formula grants

government just hands out money to states

block grants

requirements that direct state or local government to provide additional services in order to recieve federal funds; states dislike it

mandates

process where federal government gives states’s power back to the state and local government

devolution

who called for devolution and when

ronald reagan, 1980s

1

freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, petition

2

military and right to bear arms

3

no quartering without consent

4

no unreasonable searches, warrants, or seizures

5

freedom of life, liberty, property, due process of law, grand jury

6

the accused have certain rights (speedy, public trial)

7

trial by jury

8

no excessive punishment

9

more rights than the bill of rights

10

reserved powers