Lecture 1 - Aquatic Medicine

Teleosts

What is the term which means bony fish?

Elasmobranchs

What is the term which means cartilaginous fish?

Goblet

The outer layers of the gills and skin in fish are covered in epithelial tissue with lots of which cells on the exterior of the body?

Branchitis

What is the term which refers to inflammation of the gills?

Catarrhal

What type of exudates can occur externally in fish due to the presence of goblet cells in the epithelium?

Skin scrape, gill clip, fecal

Which three wet mounts are always done in a physical exam of a fish? This is to look for parasites.

Freshwater

Which fish will drink very little but urinate a lot?

Saltwater

Which fish will drink a lot and urinate very little?

Rectal

What gland in sharks uses ATP to move ions against the concentration gradient, in addition to the gills, intestines, and glomeruli?

Pull

Will freshwater fish and elasmobranchs push or pull ions?

Push

Will saltwater fish push or pull ions?

Retain

In kidney disease in a freshwater fish, will the fish retain or lose water?

Coelomic

Ascites occurs in fish in which body cavity?

Dropsy

What is the term for generalized fluid buildup in body cavities and tissues, especially seen in freshwater fish?

Lose

In kidney disease in a saltwater fish, will the fish lose or retain water?

Urea

What ion is added to shark ringer solution, as elasmobranchs have a higher amount of this in the body?

Intracoeolomic, IV

What two routes of injection are used to administer fluids to fish?

No

Can fish have true abscesses?

Neutrophils

Which granulocytes play a minimal role in fish, are not very phagocytic, and do less degranulation than in mammals?

Eosinophils

Which granulocytes only truly appear in goldfish and tilapia but have similar cells, which are the main granulocytes, in most other fish?

Basophils

Which granulocytes are only found in some stingrays?

Yes

Are platelets nucleated in fish? They are called thrombocytes.

Granulomatous

What type of response to injury and infection is the most common one in fish and is done by mononuclear cells? It can be acute in fish but is chronic in mammals.

Trends

Is it better to use trends or reference intervals when evaluating fish diagnostics?

Creatinine

Which blood parameter is lower in freshwater fish, and may not read at all?

BUN

Which blood parameter must be diluted in elasmobranchs due to having very high rates of it?

Dorsal

Which artery in fish is used for venipuncture either laterally using the lateral line and anal fin or ventrally using the anal fin and vertebrate?

Tricaine

Which drug is an immersion anesthetic which is absorbed through the skin/gills, blocks Na in nerves and has a 21 day withdrawal time for food and restocking fish? It is the only approved immersion anesthetic in North America.

21

How many days is the withdrawal time for tricaine?

Na

Tricaine works by blocking which ion in fish nerves?

Yes

Can injection anesthetics like ketamine, medetomidine, propofol, and xylazine be used in fish for pole injections of larger fish?

No

Does a distended body cavity in fish necessarily imply a high body condition score?

Monofilament

Which type of suture is the only one able to be used in fish? It can be tied tightly and is removed at 14-21 days.

Colder

Do colder or warmer temperatures cause longer healing times for fish?

Neocortex

While fish have nociceptors they lack what part of the brain? However many vets will use pain medicine such as lidocaine, opioids, and NSAIDs.

Water quality

Along with history and a PE, what should also be tested when looking at a fish?