Tsarist russia topic 3

Who mainly ran 1905 revolution why was this bad

Peasants - peasant population was declining, not united, poor

How did tsar view duma

As an advisory board

When were the social revolutionaries founded

1899

Who led the social revolutionaries

Chernov

What did the social revolutuonaries want

Nationalism and redistribution of land

Methods used by social revolutionaries

Terrorism

Who were the trudoviks

A non-revolutionary breakaway from SR had moderate liberal views + no formal programme

Aims of trudoviks

Favoured nationalisation of non-peasant land, democratic representation, a minimum wage and 8 hour working day

How supported trudoviks

Peasants and intelligentsia

Who led kadets

Milyukov

What political position are kadets

Central liberal

What did kadets want

Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary gov, full civil rights, legal settlement of worker disputes, forced redistribution of large estates

Who led the octobrists

Guchkov

Who were the octobrists

Moderate conservative party accepted the october manifesto and opposed futher action

Who supported octobrists

Wealthy landowners and industrialists

Who led the rightists

Purishkevich

Example of rightist group

Union of russian people

Who were the union of russian people

Extremely right wing, liked monarchism, chauvism, orthodoxy, pan-slavism and anti-semitism

What did rightists promote

Violent attacks on the left, pogroms through street fighting gangs and the black hundred

When did strike causing putilov iron works

3.1.1905

How many workers involved in putilov iron works strike

150k

When did father gapon walk to winter palace

9th jan

When was bloody sunday

9.1.1905

When did russian forces in port arthur surrender to japan

20th december 1904

Who got the tsar to respond to japanese assult and where was it And when

Plehve, russian far eastern naval base at port arthur, jan 1904

What was the aim in russo-japanese war

Swift win to distract from trouble at home

How far was port arthur from capital

6k miles which made it harder

What did the defeats in russo japanese war lead to initially

A surge of anti-japanese patriotism

When was plehve assassinated and why

July 1904 blamed for russo japanese war

Reaction to plehve’s assassination

Crowds came to warsaw to celebrate

Who replaced plehve

Mirsky

What did mirsky do in russo japanese war

Invited zemstvo members for discussions but was limited still didn’t like representative gov

What is SD short for

Social democratic worker’s party

When was the SD founded

1898

How was the SD divided

Between bolsheviks and mensheviks

SD - mensheviks

Wanted cooperation with upper class and legal opposition

Who led the SD mensheviks

Martov

Who led the SD bolsheviks

Lenin

SD - bolsheviks

Wanted discipline centralisation and organisation

5 causes of 1905 revolution

• bloody sunday

• Tsar nicohlas 2

• Demands for change/general strike

• Russo-Japanese war

• Muntiny of the battleship potemkin

How many troops used to break up bloody sunday

12k

What article allowed tsar to rule by decree in emergency

Article 87

How did duma control law

Law couldn’t be passed without duma approval

What caused strike leading to 1905 revolution And when

7th january 1905 4 workers sacked from putilov engineering works

How many people drawn into strike - 1905 revolution

100k workers and gained more

Who made the bloody sunday petition

Father gapon

What was included in bloody sunday petition

8 hour day, minimum wage, more dignified treatment (later parts called for trade unions and elected parliament)

Where did bloody sunday petition march to

Winter palace

Whats a duma

Elected giverning assembly

Whats a soviet

Russian word for council of representatives (council of workers)

Whats a constitional monarch

A monarch who rules in conjuction with an elected assembly and whose powers are limited by that assembly

Whats devolution

The trasferring of power from central government body to local branches

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) october manifesto strengths

• strikes and demonstrations in all major cities

• Peasant uprisings in countryside

• Poles finns latvians demand independance

• A St petersburg soviet was set up to direct general strike

• Tsars uncle threatened to shoot himself in reforms weren’t made

When did tsar sign decree due to october manifesto and what was the decree

17.10.1905 granted civil freedom, a state duma with law poer

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) Limitations of october manifesto

Radicals were annoyed autocracy remained

Nicohlas had no intention of being a constitutional monarch

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) Limitations of the counter revolution

• trepov ordered troops to use violence to force striking workers back to factories

• 1000s killed

• End of 1905 jews suffered in pogroms

• Gangs sent to round up and flog peasants

When was st petersburg soviet headquarters surrounded and what happened to leaders

3.12.1905 leaders arrested tried and exiled to siberia

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) Strengths of counter revolution

Month of street warfare in moscow troops and heavy artillery were brought in

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) strengths of new constitution

• peasants could be members of lower chambre

• Upper chambre half elected by zemstva

• Equal legislative power and all legislation also had to recieve approval of Tsar

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) Limitations of new constitution

• lower chambre used indirect voting

• Upper chambre half appointed by tsar

• Noble representatives from the major social, religious, educational and financial institutions

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) Who appointed government and who were they responsible to

Tsar, to the crown

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) When were the fundamental laws issued

23.4.1906 5 days before the dumas first meeting

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) What did nicholas say god said baout tsars authority

Should be submitted to due to a ‘sense of duty’ not fear

(Consequences of 1905 revolution) What did the fundamental laws allow tsar to do - interal

• veto legislation

• Rule by decree in emergency or if duma not in session

• Appoint and dismiss gov ministers

• Dissolve duma

• Control military and household expenditiure

• Control church

• Overturn court verdicts

(Consequences of the 1905 revolution) What did the fundamental laws allow tsar to do - external

• Command russian land and sea forces

• Declare war and conclude peace

• Negotiate foreign treaties

• Control foreign relations

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) army

• remained loyal

• 6.12.1905 reforms

• Elite army units and cossacks didn’t do mutinies so rewarded with money

• Quick end to japanese war

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Military reforms which kept them on side And when

6.12.1905

• pay increased

• Terms of service reduced e.g. 4 to 3 years infantrymen

• Promised increased meat rations and tea and sugar

• No longer forced to do labour

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Brutal surpression

Government used brutal repressive methods to establish control

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Splits in opposition

• all groups had different aims and purposes so couldn’t use coordinated and effectibe opposition

• Split liberals and socialists liberals wanted political reforms and constitutional reform so were pleased and withdrew socialists wanted social revolution

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Violence and criminality

• M/c scared by course w/c on streets and intimidating forces

• Houses burgled, children assulted, crude behaviour

• Wanted it to stop and wanted autocracy back

• Struve (ex-marxist) thanked the tsar

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Revolutionary parties not ready

Revolutionaries annoyed by workers squabbling over political ideology

Workers just wanted more pay

(Why did the tsar survive 1905) Revolutionary parties not ready EVALUATION

Mensheviks helped make st petersburg soviet

Bolsheviks active in radicalising soviets end of 1905 and organised moscow uprising

Why was gov in financial trouble end of 1905 And how was it stabilised and when

War and falling tax revenues april 1906 witte got huge loan from mainly french bankers