MUL1010 Music Appreciation Final Exam Study Guide

According to the text, art of the Romantic period valued emotional restraint and what else?

clarity of form and expression

Notes that don't belong to the traditional scale are known as

chromatic alterations

The dance-like characteristics of a piece indicate that it was written during which period?

Romantic

Which of the following composers envisioned operas as "musical dramas"?

Richard Wagner

Were changes in tempo rarely found in music of the Romantic period?

No; false

According to the text, who/what were the Traditionalists of the Romantic era?

Traditionalists were composers of the Romantic era who held reverence for the music of the masters

Which characteristics help you identify a composition by Paganini?

incredibly fast and complicated musical passages; extremely difficult pieces only he can play; virtuoso; violinist

Which Romantic Period composer was considered a national hero in his homeland?

Jean Sibelius

Who were the most prominent composers from the Romantic period?

Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Schumann, Schubert, Chopin, and Wagner; also Strauss, Verdi, Liszt, Puccini, Mendelssohn

What kinds of jobs did composers have during the Romantic period, as opposed to the Medieval, Baroque, and Classical Periods?

Most composers were business persons, earning their living by performing music for specific occasions and commissions, and collecting royalties on published music

What were the important artistic products of the Romantic period?

Vincent Van Gogh's paintings

Identify accelerando and ritardando by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzmO2EyQ7bs

What are the characteristics of the "mood" of the Romantic Period?

Rules and logic are less important than the free expression of human feelings. Humans can only "fully become" by exploring their inner feelings.

Identify, through listening, Chopin's Revolutionary Etude.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpuROwy_8mg

Identify through listening Berlioz's Symphony Fantastique.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewoAW-Zyuj8

Know the characteristics of musical form in the Romantic Period.

extended phrases, overlapping beginnings and endings

Know the characteristics of Romantic Period Music

individuality of style, expressive aims, song like melodies, big orchestras, nationalism, freedom of form and design, program music, expressive tone color, dramatic contrasts of dynamics and pitch

Know who The Five were and their objective(s).

The Five were Cesar Cui, Aleksandr Borodin, Mily Balakirev, Modest Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov; Their objective was to incorporate a wide variety of elements from Russian musical life and heritage

Know about Chopin's life, through the text

Polish composer, virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, wrote primarily solo piano, gave only 30 public performances , supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano

Know what kinds of dynamics may have best expressed music of the Romantic period.

extremely soft (pianissimo) or extremely loud (fortissimo) sounds; gradual increasing (crescendo) and decreasing (diminuendo)

Who were the nationalist composers of the Romantic Period?

Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and The Five, Smetana, Dvořák, Grieg, Chopin, Sibelius

Johannes Brahms

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Richard Wagner

Franz Schubert

Robert Schumann

Frederic Chopin

Béla Bartók

Who was the Romantic composer who was a musical genius, but with strong anti-Semitic views?

Richard Wagner

Who was an important Romantic composer who founded the New Journal of Music?

Robert Schumann

Identify the sound of a Renaissance consort through listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFid-6nC4n0

What was a Renaissance madrigal? Was it a sacred music form or secular music form?

Madrigals were secular works for a cappella choral ensembles; it was a secular music form

The course places the Romantic period in music between the years____ and ____.

1820 and 1910

During the Renaissance, what was the name composers gave to the original chant used as the basis for the main melody in a composition?

Cantus firmus

Know who was Josquin Desprez (Renaissance) and his importance in music history.

Josquin Des Prez was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance; wrote a large number of motets; many consider him the epitome of Renaissance music

Know which events occurred in Europe and America during the Renaissance.

Europe: Protestant Reformation, publishing of Gutenberg Bible and printing press, Da Vinci paints Last Supper, Rise of the Medici Family America: Columbus discovered "The New World"

According to the text, the Renaissance period was known as a period of what?

The Golden Age of Choral Music

Know the names of the important composers from the Renaissance period

Palestrina, Byrd, Des Prez, Weelkes, Tallis, Gesualdo, Monteverdi

Know strophic form and be able to identify it by listening.

Strophic Form is a form of music in which one verse, or passage, structure is repeated over and over; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=952w2EbbYAs

What is the textbook definition of form?

Form is the structure of a composition, the frame upon which it is constructed; organizing principle of music; form is based on repetition, contrast, and variation.

Which form is not based on the principle of repetition?

binary form

Which form is not based on the principle of contrast?

strophic form

Can composers and arrangers introduce some elements of variation in a piece of music without altering form?

Yes; true

What are the musical terms for "increasing the tempo" and "decreasing the tempo"?

increasing tempo is accelerando; decreasing tempo is ritarando

Define syncopation and when one might hear it used. Identify it by listening.

syncopation in music is the concept of playing rhythms that accent or emphasize the offbeats; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUtZOuND3es

rhythm

is the placement of sound in time

beat

is the basic measure of time in music

tempo

is how fast or slow a piece of music is performed

Identify triple meter and duple meter by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5eK4CFU5lE

What do the top number and bottom numbers of the time signature represent?

top numbers represent how many beats are in each measure and the bottom represents which note will represent one beat

What is the Italian term for at ease?

adagio

Tempo is an Italian universal musical term that refers to ________?

speed at which a music composition is played

Which Italian term describes moderately fast tempo?

moderato

Which Italian term describes very fast tempo?

presto

Describe Meter in music.

Meter is a set pattern of weak and strong beats in music

Define Rhythm.

rhythm is organized movement of notes in time; refers to the length or duration of individual notes in a piece of music

What is it called when a melody acquires significant importance within a given composition?

theme

Know which characteristics of a melody best describe it.

pitch, range, interval, shape, phrase

The term harmony refers to the vertical aspect of music.

true

What are double stops on the violin?

double stops is the technique of playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument

What are two simultaneous pitches of the same letter name and pitch (e.g., C, G, or D)?

False; Two simultaneous pitches of the same letter and pitch (e.g., C, G, or D) do NOT constitute a harmony; they are said to be in unison

Do consonant harmonies usually provide a feeling of tension?

No; False

What is an arpeggio? (Harmony class) Identify one by listening.

An arpeggio is a broken chord; the notes of a chord played in succession; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMZXQ87OeuU

According to the text, in rondo form, the repeating themes are separated by__________?

contrasting episodes

What are Baroque rhythmic characteristics?

steady beats and repetition

What is a recitative?

a recitative is a half-singing, half-reciting style of representing words in opera, cantata, oratorio, etc; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDq4KqP7Pxs

Which Baroque group was credited with inventing the recitative?

The Florentine Camerata

What is a Baroque oratorio?

a Baroque oratorio is a multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance

What is a Baroque sonata?

baroque sonata is a piece for solo instrument or a small group of instruments

What is a Baroque concerto?

a baroque concerto is a piece that contrasts a solo instrument with an ensemble

Who was Farinelli?

The most famous castrato was Carlo Broschi also known as Farinelli

What kinds of features may be found in Baroque music?

a focus on upper and lower tones, a focus on layered melodies, and an increase in orchestra size

Who are the most renowned Baroque composers?

Johann Sebastian Bach, George Handel, Claudio Monteverdi, Henry Purcell, Jean Baptiste Lully, Antonio Vivaldi,

In the Renaissance, vocal and choral music took center stage. Contrastingly, what kind of music took center stage in the Baroque era?

instrumental

Who wrote the earliest surviving opera—then called dramma per musica?

Jacopo Peri

Name and identify the styles of recitative by listening.

secco and accompanied recitative

In the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works _______.

to be played

The dates given in the course for the Baroque Period place it between: ______ and ______.

1600-1750

What were the basso continuo and Doctrine of Affections in the Baroque period?

doctrine of affections was a theory in the aesthetics of painting, music, and theater widely used in the Baroque era

Identify monophonic, homophonic, and polyphonic textures by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teh22szdnRQ

In general, operatic arias of the Romantic period, for example those by Giacomo Puccini use what type of texture?

homophonic; true

What is a defining characteristic of polyphony?

independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines

Are tempo and rhythm interchangeable terms?

No; false

Does musical texture refer to how melody and harmony relate to each other?

Yes; true

What are the basic terms we use to define musical texture?

monophony, homophony, and polyphony

Which musical texture consists of a single melody without accompaniment?

monophonic music

Be able to recognize accelerando and ritardando by listening to examples

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzmO2EyQ7bs

Be able to identify a fast tempo, slow tempo, and rubato tempo by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5upSAO0Lm0; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpwxzHxD7_Q

Identify duple meter by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iymXBHIPEf0

According to the text, what was the significance of Debussy's work? Identify these characteristics by listening to his music.

Debussy's work represented the first viable alternative to tonal music

What are the trends in contemporary music?

jazz influence

Which composer used Hungarian folk music in his music? Identify by listening to examples.

Béla Bartók; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnSWq_1quYg

Which of the following best describes aleatory music.

music that allows for an element of chance to enter the performance

Who was Nadia Boulanger?

Nadia Boulanger was a French teacher of musical composition whose pupils included Aaron Copland, Virgil Thompson, Roy Harris, Elliot Carter, David Diamond, and many other prominent American composers

Which composer most heavily influenced the music of the French post-WWI school of musicians known as Les Six?

Erik Satie

Which composer catapulted tothe top of the 20th-century avant-garde after composing Firebird, Petrushka, and Le Sacre du Printemps?

Igor Stravinsky

Which of the 20th-century trends sought to restore order, harmony, and emotional restraint to music?

Neoclassicism

Identify atonal music by listening to examples.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGbEkgEyt8k

Which one of the following composers' style is most closely associated with that of the commercial music world known as Tin Pan Alley?

George Gershwin

Which composer wrote music for prepared piano? Identify the sound of prepared piano by listening.

John Cage; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0-y8oNDLgU