Studied by 27 people
Anterior Position
facing forward ventral
Posterior Position
toward back/rear dorsal
Superior Position
toward head cranial
Inferior Position
toward feet causal
Medial Position
toward midline of body
Lateral Position
toward side of body
Sagittal Plane
Divides body into left and right Anteroposterior Plane Movements: flexion, extension, hyperextension
Frontal Plane
Divides body into front and back Coronal/lateral plane Movements: abduction and adduction
Transverse Plane
Divides body into upper and lower Horizontal/axial plane Movement: rotation
Axial Skeleton
skull, vertebrae, thorax
Appendicular Skeleton
limbs
Long Bones
Long shaft with articular surfaces at/near ends Major bones of arms and legs
Short Bones
almost equal length and width Bones of wrists and ankles
Flat Bones
scapula and sternum
Irregular Bones
Irregular in shape Vertebrae
Sesamoid Bones
Embedded in tendons Patella
Wolff's Law
bone will form in areas of stress and resorb in areas of disuse
Osteopenia
loss of bone tissue with age
Osteoporosis
critically low bone mineral density
Fossa
depressed (concave) area on the bone (fossa + condyle of adjacent bones fit together- joint)
Condyle
rounded (convex) spot (often near/at end) (fossa + condyle of adjacent bones fit together- joint)
Tuberosity
raised area where a ligament/tendon attaches
Synthrodial Joints
Immovable by design Non-axial joints skull joints, teeth and jaw joints
Amphiarthrodial Joints
Slight degree of movement pubic symphysis, intervertebral articulations
Diathrodial Joints
Freely moveable synovial joints Uniaxial Joints, Biaxial Joints, Multi-axial Joints
Range of Motion
amount of movement a joint can make within a plane without causing pain
Tendons
Can withhold high forces without breaking Very strong Broken: can take a long time to heal- little bloodflow
Ligaments
Somewhat more elastic than tendons More stretch Provide joint stability
Parallel Muscles
fusiform, flat, triangular
Pennate Muscles
Tendon runs along length of the muscle and fibers are oriented at an angle towards it
Unipennate
muscle fibers insert on 1 side
Bipennate
muscle fibers insert on both sides
Moment of Force
measure of the turning effect produced by the force around an axis F (N) x Moment Arm (m)
1st Class Lever
2nd Class Lever
O - RF - EF Wheelbarrow mechanical advantage: >1 Rare in human body
3rd Class Lever
O - EF - RF Tweezers mechanical advantage: <1 Common in human body
Nonaxial Joint
no axis glide movement
Uniaxial Joint
1 axis hinge or pivot
Biaxial Joint
2 axis up and down and side to side
Triaxial Joint
special to the thumb gives us grip to pick things up
Multiaxial Joint
over 2 axis rotation
Note 
Flashcard (54)