INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LEC_GROUP1B ELEMENTS (COINAGE METALS)

Group IB Elements

The hydroxides and salts of these metals are insoluble in water

ALKALI METALS: OCCURANCE

NOT FREE IN NATURE

COINAGE METALS: OCCURANCE

Free in nature and are easily recovered from their compounds by reduction

ALKALI METALS: CHEMICAL REACTIVITY

Very reactive chemically

COINAGE METALS: CHEMICAL REACTIVITY

Not very reactive; can be displaced easily by other metals

COINAGE METALS: PROPERTIES OF OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES

Weakly basic except for Ag2O

ALKALI METALS: NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRON

Univalent

ALKALI METALS: ION FORMATION

Simple cation (not in complex anions) & not complex cations with ammonia

ALKALI METALS:OXIDATION POTENTIAL

Rapidly oxidize in air

COINAGE METALS:OXIDATION POTENTIAL

Copper slowly oxidizes in air but may be oxidized rapidly in finely divided state or when heated with oxygen

Cu (Copper)

Aka: "Cuprum"

- Only reddish metal

Component of hemocyanin and cytochrome oxidase

Brass

(Cu and Zn)

Bronze

(Cu and Sn)

Cu (Copper)

Pharmacologic actions:

▪ Protein precipitant

▪ Enhances the physiological utilization of iron

Cu (Copper)

induces emesis. It occurs in the respiratory pigment, hemocyanin and many enzymes

Ag (Silver)

Aka: "Argentum", Shining bright. It has an oligodynamic action

Ag(Silver)

Toxicity: Argyria (esp. from soluble silver salts)

Antidote: NSS (Normal Saline Solution)

Ag+1

are insoluble or slightly soluble in water

Silver nitrate (AgNO3)

Aka: Lapiz infernulariz, lunar caustic, indelible ink, caustic pencil

▪ Uses: Treatment for warts , Eye antiseptic for newborn babies of mothers with gonorrhoea (1% solution) , Wet dressing for 3rd degree burns (0.5%)

Ammoniacal silver nitrate (Ag(NH3)2NO3)

Uses: Dental protective, Ingredient for tollen's reagent (test for the presence of aldehydes)

Silver iodide (AgI)

Uses: poisonous and germicide

Mild Ag proteinate

Aka: Argyrol

▪ Use: Antiseptic for the eye (10 - 23/25% Ag)

Strong Ag proteinate

Aka: Protargol

▪ Use: Strong germicide for ears and throat (7.5 - 8.5% Ag)

Colloidal Ag proteinate

Aka: Colargol

▪ Use: Used as a general germicide (18 - 22% Ag)

Au(gold)

Aka: "Aurum", shining dawn, king of all metals

Gold toxicity: Gold dermatitis

(Antidote: Dimercaprol)

Au (Gold)

Dissolved by:

▪ Aqua regia (3 parts HCl + 1 part of HNO3)

▪ Selenic acid

▪ Bromine water

▪ Chlorine water

Au salts

are unstable in heat and light; and are mild reducing agents.

Au compounds

should be dispensed separately since it is a reducing agent

Au(gold)

Treatment of SLE and RA

Aurothioglucose (IM)

Treatment of gout and rheumatoid arthritis

Gold Na thiomalate (IM)

Treatment of gout and rheumatoid arthritis

Auranofin (PO)

Treatment of gout and rheumatoid arthritis

Au 198

radioactive used in the treatment of some malignancies

Group IB Elements

Can occur in free metal state

Group IB Elements

These metals are very malleable

Group IB Elements

Central units of chelates/complexes

ALKALI METALS: PROPERTIES OF OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES

Strongly basic

COINAGE METALS: NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRON

Univalent for Ag, multivalent for Cu and Au

COINAGE METALS: ION FORMATION

In complex anions and complex cations with ammonia

Cu (Copper)

is an essential trace element. It enhances the physiological utilization of iron

Cu (Copper)

3rd most malleable metal and 3rd best conductor of electricity

Cu(Copper)

Toxicity: Wilson's disease (Antidote: Penicillamine)

Cupric sulfate (CuSO4 . 5H2O)

Aka: blue vitriol, blue stone

▪ Uses: Component of benedict's solution, barfoed's reagent and fehling's reagent

▪ Antidote for phosphorus poisoning

▪ Increases hematinic activity if added with iron

▪ Ingredient of Bordeaux mixture (used as a fungicide)

Copper acetoarsenate ([Cu3(AsO3)2 . Cu(C2H3O2)2])

Aka: Paris green

▪ Use: Insecticide

Ag(silver)

has the ability to precipitate proteins (ex. silver nitrate)

Ag compounds

are light sensitive and they must be stored in light-resistant bottles

Ag ion

ion readily reduces to elemental silver

Ag(silver)

can be used as an astringent, antiseptic, corrosive and protein precipitant

Au (Gold)

Most malleable and most ductile. Best conductor of electricity

Au+1 & Au+3

Two series of gold compounds exist

Au+1

undergoes autooxidation to Au+3