Vocabulary

Alleviate

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe

Rather

quite; to a slight degree

more accurately; more exactly

used to express an opposite opinion

rather than: instead of; used especially when you prefer one thing to another

would rather: used to show that you prefer to have or do one thing more than another

Setting

the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. happens

Engage

to become involved, or have contact, with someone or something

Address

a series of letters and symbols that tell you where to find something on the internet or show where an email is sent to

to speak or write to someone

to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem

Guidance

help and advice about how to do something or about how to deal with problems

Assumption

something that you accept as true without question or proof

Assume

to accept something to be true without question or proof

to take or begin to have responsibility or control

Steer

to control the direction of a vehicle

Coincide

to happen at or near the same time

to be the same or similar

Hierarchy

a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance

Ailment

an illness or health problem

Healer

a person who has the power to cure ill people without using ordinary medicines

Endorse

to make a public statement of your approval or support for something or someone

Fruitful

producing good results

Enhance

to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something

Gather

to collect several things, often from different places or people

Encourage

to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen

Enroll

to put yourself or someone else on an official list for an activity or for membership in a group, or to accept someone in such a list

Envision

to imagine or expect something to happen, appear, etc. in a particular way

Extent

area or length; amount

Setback

omething that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing

Fulfill

to do something as promised or intended, or to satisfy your hopes or expectations

Breakdown

a failure to work or be successful

a division of something into smaller parts

Asylum

protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war

Undergo

to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change

Grant

to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way

Trainee

a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job

Chief

the person in charge of a group or organization, or the ruler of a tribe

most important or main

Internship

a period of time during which someone works for a company or organization in order to get experience of a particular type of work

Ongoing

continuing to exist or develop, or happening at the present moment

issue

a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about

to produce or provide something official

Endure

to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful

Faint

to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down

Subtle

not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious in any way

Patch

a small area that is different in some way from the area that surrounds it

Damp

slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable

Choke

If you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat

Scheme

an officially organized plan or system

Tight

Clothes or shoes that are tight fit the body too closely and are uncomfortable

(held or kept together) firmly or closely

Constraint=Restraint

something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits

Ameliorate

to make a bad or unpleasant situation better

Prevail

to exist and be accepted among a large number of people, or to get a position of control and influence

Incidentally

used before saying something that is not as important as the main subject of conversation, but is connected to it in some way

Mean

a mean number is an average number

not willing to give or share things, especially money

Harassment

behaviour that annoys or upsets someone

Comply

to act according to an order, set of rules, or request

Shelters

(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack

Scope

the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc.

(scope for) the opportunity for doing something

Deleterious

harmful, damaging, detrimental, prejudicial

Prone

likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness

Encompass

to include different types of things

Heighten

to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect

Wastebasket

a container to hold paper or other small things you want to get rid of

Tailor

someone whose job is to repair, make, and adjust (= make changes to) clothes, especially someone who makes jackets, trousers, coats, etc. for men

Tailored

make something conciously for someone

Arrange

to plan, prepare for, or organize something

to put a group of objects in a particular order

Underlying

significant as a cause or basis of something but not necessarily manifest or obvious.

Straw

dried stalks of grain, used especially as fodder or as material for thatching, packing, or weaving

a thin hollow tube of paper or plastic for sucking drink from a glass or bottle

Debris

scattered pieces of waste or remains

Scatteing

to disperse something

Reed

a tall, slender-leaved plant of the grass family, which grows in water or on marshy ground.

Slender 

something elegantly thin

Swamp

an area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh

Rough

having an irregular surface; not smooth or level.

in a manner that lacks gentleness; harshly or violently.

Spark

a small fiery particle thrown off from a fire

Fiery

consisting of fire or burning strongly and brightly

Naive

too willing to believe that someone is telling the truth, that people's intentions in general are good, or that life is simple and fair. People are often naive because they are young and/or have not had much experience of life

Lay down 

stop/using/something

to/state/something 

to/establish/something

Steadily

Continously

Readily

Easily

Groundwork

work/that/is/done/as/a/preparation/for/work/that/will/be/done/later

Blush

to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment

Interrater

Evaluator

between or involving different people whose job is to judge the value of something

Overexertion

the use of too much mental or physical effort

Exert

to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen

To Attain

to reach or succeed in getting something

Gateway

a place through which you have to go to get to another place

To posit

to suggest something as a basic fact or principle from which a further idea is formed or developed

Thereby (adv)

as a result of this action

Framework

a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something

Pounding

a heavy attack or defeat

a regular sound of something hitting something else or of a loud noise

palpitations

take/get a pounding

to receive a lot of criticism

Display

(verb) to arrange something or a collection of things so that it can be seen by the public

(verb) to show a feeling

(noun) the way in which words, pictures, etc. are shown electronically, for example on a computer screen

Praise

(verb) to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing

Trembling

(verb) shaking slightly in a way that you cannot control, for example because you are frightened, angry, or excited, or because of illness

of the ground or an object, shaking slightly

Witness

(Verb) to see something happen, especially an accident or crime

noun) a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident

Tingling

(noun) a feeling as if a lot of sharp points are being put lightly into your body or a feeling of excitement or nervousness

(adj) same meaning

Chill

(noun) a feeling of cold

(verb) to become cold but not freeze

(verb) to relax

Detached

(adj) separated from other things

(adj) someone without emotion

Onset = Outset

the moment at which something begins, and especially something uncomfortable or unpleasant

Rule out

(verb) to decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen, or that something or someone is not suitable

(verb) to prevent something from happening

Figure out

to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought

Chart

(noun) a drawing that shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts

(verb) to show something on a chart

(verb) to watch something with careful attention or to record something in detail

Upon

(prep) on

Upheaval

(noun) great change, causing or involving difficulty or trouble

Dismantle

(verb) to show that a claim, statement or explanation is not true or correct

(verb) to get rid of a system or organization, usually over a period of time

(verb) to take a machine apart or to come apart into separate pieces

Shift

(verb) to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another

(verb) to change an idea, opinion, etc.

Tenet

(noun) one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based

Flaw 

(noun) a fault, mistake, or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or that causes something not to be perfect

(verb) to cause something to be not perfect