PIB English 9 Vocab

Protagonist

The person the audience is rooting for to overcome their pain.

Antagonist

The person who inflicts pain on other people.

Setting

The time, place, and mood of a story.

Situational Irony

Relates to an event/plot; something unexpected happens

Dramatic Irony

When the reader knows something that the character doesn't

Verbal Irony

When something different is meant than what is said; when there is a different reaction than expected.

Symbol

Something that represents something else. These have meanings because of an agreement that they mean something.

Diction

Word choice

Denotation

The literal meaning of a word

Connotation

The emotional quality or implication of a word

Claim

A statement of what you believe to be true and must be legitimately arguable.

Lead-in

A brief synopsis of a text that supplies background information.

Evidence

An excerpt from the text that backs the claim.

Analysis

Why the evidence is relevant (breaks something into smaller components)

Reasoning

Relates the evidence back to the claim.

CLEAR

The format of writing used in body paragraphs. Stands for claim, lead-in, evidence, analysis, and reasoning.

Speaker/Persona

Communicating to convey a message through any medium doesn't have to be verbal.

Audience

The demographic that is being communicated to by the speaker

Purpose

The reason of why communicating with the audience.

Context

All other things besides communication that allows for understanding (time and place) and describes the rules of social interaction.

Occasion

Circumstance of time and place that communication occur.

Tone

Speaker's attitude towards the subject

Aristotelian Rhetoric

Aristotle's view of persuasion.

Subject

The general topic, content, and ideas in the text.

Plot

The sequence of events in a story; must be related by cause and effect.

Irony

Deflection of an expectation.

Exposition

The beginning of the story that establishes the setting and characters.

Conflict

The big "cause" of a story. The point of a story where the problem is first introduced.

Rising Action

The increasing tension in the story after the conflict is introduced.

Climax

The big "effect" of a story. The biggest turning point where the character(s) face the conflict.

Resolution

The end of a story where the closure of the conflict is established.

Narrative

A story that has a plot, characters, and setting.

Character

Beings within the story

Direct Characterization

The author explicitly describes a character

Indirect Characterization

The author implicitly describes a character through their actions, speech, thoughts, appearance, and response from others (ASTAR).

Characterization

The methods an author uses to build and describe a character.

SOAPSTone

Stands for speaker, occasion, audience, purpose, subject, and tone. It is used as a method of text analysis.

Topic

The main subject/central idea of a text

Theme

What the text is trying to convey.

Deductive Reasoning

Starts with a general truth and uses it to draw a specific conclusion

Inductive Reasoning

Starts with specific observation and uses it to draw a general conclusion

Preposition

States the main idea, also known as thesis

Premise

A topic sentence or a subtopic of the preposition. 

Claim of Fact

An argument about what is true

Claim of Value

A philosophical claim that is about what something is worth

Claim of Policy

Encourages the reader to take other courses of action on what is being written. 

Intertextuality

Relationship between texts

Anagnorisis

Recognition (an epiphany)

Peripeteia

Reversal