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What is a characteristic of a catch-all party?
A willingness to change its position on a given issue to encourage more voters to support it in any given election
What best describes China's current economic and political systems?
Economic system is mixed, political system is authoritarian
Explain the effects of different party system between two countries studies in the AP Comparative Government and Politics Course
In the United Kingdom, single member plurality districts have created a two-party system, whereas in Iran formal political parties do not exist
What is a pluralist system characterized by
competition among interest groups over public policy
Why does the United Kingdom have what Sartori calls a "centrifugal" party system?
single-member districts promote two centrist political parties
What is an interest group system that controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanctioned groups to represent labor, business, and agricultural sectors?
corporatist
What is the chief criticism of corporatism?
often limits representative process
The what is the array of political parties operating in a particular country and the nature of the relationship between them called?
party system
What is political diversity in Iran's Majles most constrained by?
the vetting of candidates by the guardian council
What is one similarity between Russia's Duma and China's National People's Congress?
been dominated by one political party
What is a consequence of the United Kingdom's single-member district plurality electoral system?
third parties without specific regional support are often underrepresented in Parliament
Which pair of countries both require that the chief executive receive an absolute majority of the public's votes to be elected?
Iran and Russia
What is a characteristic of elections in Mexico and Nigeria?
Mexico and Nigeria both have independent electoral commissions to reduce the impact of corrupt practices upon election results
What is the number of political parties in a democratic legislature most likely to be influenced by?
electoral system
What is a common criticism of first-past-the-post voting systems?
minority groups may be underrepresented
What best represents the outcomes of the two elections illustrated above?
figure A shows the outcome in a first-past-the-post electoral system, while figure B shows the outcome in a proportional representation system
What best represents the outcomes of the two elections illustrated above?
figure A shows the outcome in a first-past-the-post electoral system, while figure B shows the outcome in a proportional representation system
Which two countries use both first-past-the-post and proportional representation systems in elections to the lower house of the legislature?
Mexico and Russia
What is an implication for competitiveness of the electoral process in Nigeria and Iran?
The Nigerian government has established an independent electoral commission to encourage competitiveness in elections, while the Iranian government continues to impose strict limits on who can run for office
Which of the following is supported by the main idea of the passage
the iranian state could meet the demonstrators' demands and end the uprisings but probably will not
Which of the following statements is an implication of the argument presented in the passage?
Because social movements lack organized hierarchy, it is difficult to meet their demands, and Iran is likely to face continued political instability
What describes how members of Iran's Guardian Council are selected?
the supreme leader selects six members and the judiciary selects the other six members with Majles approval
compared to parties in a proportional-representation system, parties in a single-member-district system are typically what (ideologically and class based)?
less ideological and less class-based
What best describes the trend in the data for Independents?
The number of independents decreased between 1993 and 2016
What best describes the trend in the data for the Communist Party?
The Communist Party has consistently been one of the top three parties to receive seats in the Duma, and it was the largest party in 1999
What best describes the trend in the data in the table?
There was a decline in the number of parties in the Russian parliament between 1993 and 2016 and a shift to a dominant party
Which institution has responsibility for organizing federal elections in Mexico?
The Institute of Federal elections (IFE)
What accurately compares interest groups and social movements?
interest groups are organized to advocate for a specific policy issue, whereas social movements advocate for a broad social change
Why do interest groups tend to have a minimal impact on individual legislators in parliamentary systems?
the strength of political parties gives individual legislators less power over policy
Explain the effect the Guardian Council's powers have on presidential candidates in Iran
The guardian council restricts the number of reform-minded presidential candidates limiting the number of candidates
What is a difference between the legislative electoral systems in Mexico and Britain?
Members of the British House of Commons are elected in single-member districts, and members of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies are elected in single-member districts and through proportional representation
What is true of the electoral systems for the legislatures in Nigeria and mexico?
In both countries the lower house is directly elected while the upper house is not.
Which election system is most likely to produce the largest number of competitive political parties?
Proportional representation
What is a consequence of one-party rule in China?
minor parties have limited influence on policy making in China
Explain why both Nigeria and the United Kingdom have two major political parties?
both countries' electoral systems use single-member districts with first-past-the-post rules, which tend to favor catch-all parties
What is an accurate explanation of the difference between political party systems in Iran and the United Kingdom?
Political parties in Iran are unable to effectively support candidates for election and are not well-established, while in the United Kingdom, political parties are free to compete and the election rules in place have resulted in a system with two major parties.
What is an accurate comparison of the current political party systems in Russia and China?
China has a one-party system, while Russia has a dominant-party system.
What best explains an implication of the author's argument on Mexican officials' relationship with citizens?
With the move from corporatism toward pluralism, state officials will have less control over the demands of groups in society.
Which of the following best explains an implication of the author's argument as it relates to the Mexican state?
Pluralism in Mexico will promote competition among groups not linked to the state.
Which of the following best explains how the change described by the author affects policy making in Mexico?
Greater competition among groups may lead to inconsistent policy making at times.
What best describes a pluralist interest-group system's policy-making process?
Competition among autonomous groups
What describes how the Mexican president is elected?
The president is chosen using a plurality formula, where the candidate who wins the most votes in a single round is elected president.
What is an implication of political parties in both Iran and Russia?
The irrelevance of the traditional left-right ideological spectrum has reduced the importance of political parties in both countries.
What best explains the impact of electoral rules on the number of effective political parties in the legislatures in Russia and the United Kingdom?
In Russia, electoral rules have limited the number of parties in the legislature, while in the United Kingdom, electoral rules have allowed regional parties to win legislative seats while maintaining a system with two major parties.
An electoral system based on proportional representation is more likely than a system based on single member districts to encourage
the development of a multiparty system
What best describes electoral systems that use proportional representation?
Such systems tend to encourage a proliferation of small parties
What is the reason for Nigeria's electoral rule that presidential candidates must secure at least 25 percent of the vote in two-thirds of all states?
The president must have support among a broad cross section of Nigeria's diverse population.
A second round of voting is held in a Russian presidential election when
no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round
Why do single-member district (SMD) electoral systems tend to promote two-party systems?
Only one candidate can win in a SMD electoral system, so minor parties are less likely to win.
What is a similarity between elections for the United Kingdom's House of Commons and elections for the Nigerian House of Representatives?
Members are directly elected by plurality in single-member districts.
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