US History Midterm chapter 10

What rumored had General Sherman started in South Carolina ? Who ended Sherman's experiment?

Rumors spread among the African American community that the Sherman will give all families 40 acres + a mule. President Johnson will end this experiment

What institution do Freedmen look to, to help them organize and mutually help each other?

Freedmen will rely on their churches to organize and mutually help all church members. Dram clubs, mutually aid societies, debate clubs and track associations

Why was Lincoln willing to allow Jefferson Davis and his cabinet escape to Cuba?

When Lincoln heard that Davis and his cabinet might flee the country, Lincoln instructed the police and military to allow this to happen. The alternative was imprisonment and even execution

What do many of the African-Americans do after the war?

Some African Americans come North, most stay in the South looking for lost relatives

Who are Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce?

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce will be elected to the Federal Senate.(1st black U.S senators)

Why do Southern factories grow slowly, if at all?

Southern cities will be rebuilt, often with Southern (Pine) lumber that had been cut and processed in the South. Southern factories failed to expand because most did not finish the good, but only prepared it for completion up North (Raw + Finished).(South sends raw materials to North and North makes it finished goods and then sell it back to the South). Mines and mills will dominate the southern landscape. Factory growth also will be hindered by low pay and the exclusion of African Americans in the workforce. There are Labor shortages because the farmers want the blacks to be working in the sharecrops

Why does Grant win the election in 1868?

Grant wins the presidency based on his war record and an overwhelming support from Black Americans. To ensure Republican dominance the Congress will pass the 15th amendment. This grants the Black Americans the right to vote

Why does the Civil Rights Bill of 1875 fail?

The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 forced public businesses from discriminating against blacks. This will fail to work because the government has already begun to withdraw from the South. Soldiers are hesitant to confront growing crowds of protest

How are the southern rail lines changed after the war?

The Southern railroads will be integrated with Northern rail lines. In some cases broken or out dated tracks will be completely removed and replaced with steel - built tracks. (Need coal to make steel). The South rail lines were smaller than the Northern ones, so the North lines drop off the thing they were transporting and the Southern lines had to make many loads to carry everything back

What are the conditions of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

• The Reconstruction act of 1867: The South is put under military control. The South is divided into military regions and run by a Union Generals. The South will be forced to hold elections for delegates for new state conventions. All males including black males will vote. Southerners that were involved in the Confederacy were  temporarily barred from voting. States are forced to except the 14th amendment and they must re-write their state constitutions. Johnson's veto of the bill fails. 

What was the truth about carpetbaggers?

Carpetbaggers are people that are looking for political or business opportunities

Who were the first opponents to reconstruction?  What did they dress as to scare the freedmen and carpetbagger? After a year what did they resort to?

The Kul Klux Klan is originally designed to resist republicans in the south. Dressed in white sheets to pretend they are the ghost of dead confederates. After one year the Klan turned to violence and even kill people. The Klan says they are correcting the pore behavior of blacks and encourage blacks to vote the correct way. Sometimes they burn schools and steal live stock

Who were carpetbaggers and scalawags?

Carpetbaggers are people that are looking for political or business opportunities. Right away there is a Southern bias. The South says that they are looking to steal, cheat and corrupt politically the South. The reality is they are middle and upper class individuals looking to invest and often losing everything and they are looking for marriage. They are aided by black and white southerners the south calls them scalawags. (Scalawags mean trainers). Their political goals are they are looking to benefit politically and economically. Their key political focus (for scalawags) is to have state conventions and create new state constitutions and establish the Republican Party in the south

What does the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson establish in the South?

Laws are created to separate the races (segregation) and Black Americans unite to fight segregation. 

What did the 14th amendment give to the freedmen?

It gives the freedmen freedom of citizenship and also provides additional rights

How could the South end Reconstruction if the Freedmen had new constitutions that protected their rights as citizens and had the right to vote? (Make sure to include the KKK and redeemers in your answer)

Reconstruction comes to an end with the compromise of 1877. The Republican party will accept the Presidency in turn for troop removal from the South. KKK would scare people and were violent. Redeemers used politics to get the blacks out of them. They try to rewrite the constitution. Jim crow laws. Republicans become president and they do what the democrats want which is take out the soldiers and now they can't protect the blacks and the rights are gone