Studied by 6 peoplewhat is metabolism
all of the chemical reactions within a cell or body
what is anabolism
using energy to make large complex molecules from several smaller simple ones
anabolism example
protein synthesis
what is catabolism
the breaking of large complex molecules into smaller simple ones, which releases energy
what are nutrients
any substance found in food which are used by the body the grow, repair and maintaining it
what are the six nutrient groups
water, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals
what are organic compounds
any compound with a carbon chain and a number of hydrogens, with also maybe some oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen
what is a biocatalyst
a substance which speeds up chemical reactions in organisms
what are most enzymes
proteins
do enzymes change in reactions
no, they dont change or dissappear
what does it mean for an enzyme to be specific
that enzyme can only perform one type of reaction with one certain molecule
what is the active site
the area on an enzyme which binds to the substrate temporarily
what complements the active site
the substrate
what is the lock and key model
a model which shows the complementary substrate to an active sit, attaching by weak temporary bonds to form the enzyme substrate complex. the old bonds break, forming the products which get released so the process can repeat with a new substrate
what is the induced fit model
a model in which upon the binding of a substrate, the active site slightly changes to better fit the substrate for maxium efficiency in reaction
what is activation energy
the initial inout energy needed for the chemical reaction to occurin enzymes
what does lowering activation energy do
it allows more molecules to collide effectively
what effects rate of reaction
temperature and pH, concentration, co enzymes and factors, inhibitors and product release
how does temperature effect it
increased temp. increases rate, until too hot and denatruing occurs (denatures at 45 - 50)
how does enzyme concentrate effect
high conc. = faster
how does susbtrate concentration effect
higher conc. = faster until saturation
how does pH effect
needs optimum pH otherwise denatures
what are co factors
a susbstance that must bind to the enzyme to activate enzyme, so it can change its active site
what is a co enzyme
carries chemical groups between enzymes
what are inhibitors
slow or stop reactions, and can compete for the active site whihc blocks the substrate
how does product removal effect it
if products dont leave active site, then a new substrate can not bind
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