Topic 2.3 - The Regions of British Colonies

charter, proprietary, and royal colonies.

3 different types of English colonies

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America

1607

Year Jamestown was founded

Virginia Company

An English trading company chartered by King James I on 10 April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of America

Powhatans

Native American tribe near Jamestown that initially traded with the English settlers and shared farming methods with them, however their relationship quickly became strained and the two sides waged war against each other.

John Smith

He helped govern Jamestown in its first years of existence. His leadership and strict discipline helped the colony get through a difficult winter.

John Rolfe

He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Jamestown (Virginia colony) and cure it for export, which made the colony economically successful.

tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved the Jamestown (Virginia) colony from collapse

indentured servitude

A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is voluntary entered into. In the English colony, the term of service was typically 7 years.

land and tools for farming

After 7 years of indentured servitude, what were indentured servants supposed to be given?

headright system

Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. It was used by the Virginia Company to attract more settlers to the English colony of Virginia.

House of Burgesses

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World; it was established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. Only wealthy land owners could vote for representatives to this assembly.

1619

What year were the first Africans brought to Jamestown? They were initially brought over as indentured servants, however this practice dissolved and Africans were treated as chattel slaves.

Bacon's Rebellion

Event caused by the failure of the Virginia government to protect indentured servants from Native Americans after they had gone into western lands in search of free farmland. This event showed class conflict in the Virginia Colony.

Governor William Berkeley

He was a British colonial governor of Virginia who favored his wealthy friends by giving them land grants and he failed to protect indentured servants who moved west and experienced conflict with Native Americans.

Separatists

A group who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England; after initially settling in Holland, a number of them made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620.

Plymouth colony

What colony was started by the Separatists?

Massachusetts

The Plymouth colony later becomes part of what larger New England colony?

1620

When was the Plymouth colony founded?

The Mayflower Compact

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Separatist

What is another name for a Pilgrim?

William Bradford

One of the leaders of the Pilgrims who became the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657.

Puritans

A Protestant sect in England who wanted to change parts of the Anglican church because the Anglican church contained customs / beliefs that were too close to the Roman Catholic church.

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who helped start the Mass Bay colony. He later became the first governor of the colony.

A City Upon a Hill

A phrase that is associated with John Winthrop's vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony that their new community would be a shining example for all Christians.

Anne Hutchinson

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave the Mass Bay colony in 1637.

George Calvert / Lord Baltimore

Person who was given a proprietorship to the colony of Maryland, which would be used as a refuge for English Catholics.

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Maryland

What colony was started as a safe haven for English Catholics?

Protestant Revolt

The Protestants and Catholics did not get along and this caused a civil war among them in Maryland. The Protestants won and repealed the Act of Toleration in 1654.

tobacco

What crop / product was the most valuable to the Chesapeake colony?

Jamestown (1607)
Plymouth (1620)
Mass. Bay (1630)
Maryland (1634)

In the order first to last, put the following 4 colonies in order of their establishment. Can you also identify the year they were started?
- Plymouth
- Maryland
- Jamestown
- Mass Bay

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for more separation of between the Puritan church and the colonial government in Mass. Bay. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

It is considered by some as the first written Constitution. in the colonies. It established a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by the legislature.

Halfway Covenant

This allowed partial membership rights to Puritans who had been baptized but who had not yet experienced conversion (been "converted"). It was started because the Puritan church was declining in population.

Salem Witchcraft Trials

This led to the deaths of twenty people after young girls charged people with practicing witchcraft.

Quakers / Professors of Light / "Friends"

This group of people settled the Pennsylvania colony.

Friend / Professor of Light

What is another name for a Quaker?

William Penn

Proprietor of Pennsylvania

Penn's Woods / Penn's Holy Experiment

What was another name for the Pennsylvania colony?

South Carolina - rice and indigo
North Carolina - tobacco

What were the different crops raised in South Carolina vs. North Carolina.

South Carolina

Immigrants from Barbados fled the island because land was becoming scarce. They migrated to what English colony in the present day United States?

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony.