Social Studies 8 Honors Final Exam Study Guide - Flashcards

Flashcards for review based on the provided study guide notes.

What is nativism?

The policy of protecting people belonging to your country rather than people that weren't originally from there.

What are tenements?

Small, cramped apartments that immigrants lived in while in the United States.

What are pogroms?

A violent riot with the end result of eliminating an ethnic or religious group.

Name causes of mass immigration 'Push Factors'.

Famine, poverty, war, pogroms, disease, lack of opportunities, economic instability.

Name causes of mass immigration 'Pull Factors'.

Land, freedom, jobs, education, participation in government, success opportunity, 'The American dream.'

Why was the time period of industrialization referred to as the 'Gilded Age'?

It looked golden/great from the outside, but under the surface, there were many problems.

What are some causes of Industrialization?

Investment, natural resources, government, inventions and new technology, railroads, human talent and labor.

What is a monopoly?

When one business rules an entire industry.

What is a trust?

When many companies in the same industry work together to form a monopoly.

What is a corporation?

A business owned by shareholders.

What is stock?

A portion of a company that investors can buy to own part of the company and share in the profits.

What are labor unions and why did they form?

A group of people typically working in the same industry that come together to form a union that can fight against their employer to improve their conditions, pay, hours.

What were strikes and what was the outcome of most during the Gilded Age?

Protests in which people fought against one company. This made the US the leading industrial nation in the world

What created the need for the Progressive movement?

The Gilded Age created many problems and abuses that the reformers in the Progressive Era tried to remedy to varying degrees.

Who were the muckrakers?

People who reveal the truth about an industry. Examples: Jacob Riis, Nellie Bly, Upton Sinclair, John Spargo, Ida Tarbell, Ida Wells.

What are some achievements of President Theodore Roosevelt?

Square Deal, trustbuster, built the Panama Canal, conservationist, passed the Pure Food & Drug/Meat Inspection Act, added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Prohibits trusts and monopolies.

What did the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) do?

Banned alcohol from 1919-1933.

What did the 19th Amendment do?

Gave all women the right to vote.

What were the economic causes of Imperialism?

American needed trade partners to sell products to because it was producing more than it needed, and the US thought it would become weaker and be left out of decisions.

What were the political causes of Imperialism?

A strong navy and military bases and refueling stations around the world were needed and protect US access to trade and markets. Some worried America would be vulnerable and that expansion was a form of self-defense.

What were the social causes of Imperialism?

Americans felt that they were superior and it was their duty to spread Christian values and Western civilizations.

What was the significance of 'Remember the Maine'?

The Maine was a ship sent to Cuba to protect interests which then exploded. It was blamed on the Spanish.

What was yellow journalism and what role did it play in the Spanish American War?

Exaggerated news stories that often dramatized the treatment of the Cubans and the sinking of the Maine.

What were the effects of the Spanish American War?

Cuba became an independent country but under American influence, Puerto Rico became an American territory, the US grants all Puerto Ricans citizenships, and the Phillipines became a US territory.

What is the Panama Canal?

A constructed waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across the isthmus of Panama, providing the US more access to trade in the Pacific and quicker access to Asian markets.

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

Told European nations that the Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization.

What is the Roosevelt Corollary ('Big Stick Policy')?

Reaffirmed the US commitment to the Monroe Doctrine but added that the US could exercise police power and intervene in Latin America.

What was the Lusitania?

A ship coming from the United States that was going to England but then was subject to Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare.

What were the reasons the United States entered World War I?

Zimmerman Telegram, Russian Revolution, unrestricted submarine warfare, trade and loans to allies, 'make the world safe for democracy.'

What was the League of Nations?

An international peacekeeping organization designed by the president in his Fourteen Points peace plan that would help countries solve issues and prevent war.

What were the arguments for the Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles?

The US needed to accept its role as a leader in the world, joining the LoN would help keep peace among the world, treaty adequately punished Germany.

What were the arguments against the Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles?

Signing the treaty requires the US to join the LoN and joining the League would restrict our independence and drag us into future world arguments and wars. Too harsh on Germany.

What was the Selective Service Act?

Required men between 21-30 to register for the draft.

What was the purpose of war rationing?

People back at home distributed food to preserve it for the soldiers.

What was the War Production Board?

In charge of making sure the military had the supplies they needed.

What was the role of women in WWI?

They worked in factories, on farms, and as nurses. Many women will volunteer in the war.

How did propaganda affect the war?

Influenced recruitment, raising funds, and conserving resources.

What was the suspension of rights during the war?

Restricted freedom of speech, limited due process and target enemy aliens, Espionage and Sedition Acts.

What were the effects of Prohibition?

Banned alcoholic beverages from 1919-1933 (21st Amendment).

What is the assembly line?

A series workers that each have their specific role in producing a product.

What is installment buying?

A method of financing where you purchase an item and then pay later (put many people in debt).

What was the economic policy before the Great Depression?

Laissez-faire, minimal government.

What was the economic policy after the Great Depression?

More hands on, regulated the economy.

What was FDR's 'Court Packing' scheme?

He wanted his choices to be happen so he packed the court of people that agreed with him so he could get his way, however, the plan failed due to strong opposition from people who feared it would undermine the court's independence.

What were the arguments for the New Deal?

Saved democratic system, ended banking crisis, made our federal government stronger, brought electricity to parts of the South, created social security, ended the banking crisis.

What were the arguments against the New Deal?

Too much power for the federal government, did NOT end the depression (WWII ended it), created national debt, made the executive branch too powerful.

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

America sent the allies military weapons, this allowed the US to stay neutral.

What was the U.S. response to Japanese aggression?

Trade embargo (ban on oil).

How did America get involved in World War II?

The spark of entrance in WWII of the US was the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese.

Who was 'Rosie the Riveter'?

A character used in propaganda to influence women to join the wartime industries in WWII.

What was the 'Double V' campaign?

African American soldiers celebrated victory after fighting against discrimination and winning the war in Europe.

What was the purpose of the Internment of Japanese Americans during WWII?

The government claimed an feared that Japanese Americans would be more loyal to Japan.

What was the justification for the Internment of Japanese Americans during WWII?

In Korematsu v. The US, the Supreme Court ruled that it was a military necessity.

What is segregation?

The legal separation of two different racial groups in public places.

Explain the causes and effects of the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Causes: segregation laws on buses, Rosa Parks arrested. Effects: Montgomery Bus Boycott, MLK rises to power.

What is civil disobedience?

A form of nonviolent resistance where individuals break laws or regulations to advocate for change, example- sit-ins.

How did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

They ruled that segregation in schools was illegal and unconstitutional. It was so significant because it gave Black people the same rights and opportunities in school.

What types of protests were used by demonstrators during the Civil Rights Movement?

Sit-ins, freedom rides, boycotts, protest marches, and voter registration drives.

What did the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights accomplish?

They were landmark pieces of legislation that impacted the United States by eliminating racial discrimination and segregation.