Introduction to Psychology

Flashcards about the history and branches of psychology.

What is Psychology?

The scientific study of mind and behavior.

What is Structuralism?

Understanding the conscious experience through introspection.

Who is associated with Structuralism?

Wilhelm Wundt.

What is Functionalism?

Focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment.

Who is associated with Functionalism?

William James.

What is Psychoanalytic Theory?

Focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior.

Who is associated with Psychoanalytic Theory?

Sigmund Freud.

What is Gestalt Psychology?

Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts.

Who is associated with Gestalt Psychology?

Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler.

What is Behaviorism?

Focuses on observing and controlling behavior.

Who is associated with Behaviorism?

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner.

What is Humanism?

Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Who is associated with Humanism?

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

Who created the first laboratory for psychological research?

Wilhelm Wundt

What did Sigmund Freud study?

Hysteria and neurosis.

What is the focus of Psychoanalytic theory?

The role of a person’s unconscious and early childhood experiences.

What is the meaning of Gestalt?

"Whole"

What is the concept discovered by Ivan Pavlov?

Classical conditioning.

Who is known as the father of behaviorism within psychology?

John B. Watson

What is B. F. Skinner famous for?

His research on operant conditioning.

What did Maslow propose?

A hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior.

What did Carl Rogers develop?

A client-centered therapy method.

Who was very influential in beginning the cognitive revolution?

Noam Chomsky

Who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in Psychology?

Margaret Floy Washburn

What do Biological psychologists study?

How the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior.

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

Sensation is sensory information, while perception is the experience of the world influenced by attention, experiences, and background.

What does developmental psychology study?

The physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation.

What does personality psychology focus on?

Behaviors and thought patterns that are unique to each individual.

What is the focus of social psychology?

How individuals interact and relate with others and how such interactions can affect behavior.

What is the focus of health psychology?

How individual health is directly related or affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences.

What is the focus of clinical psychology?

Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior.

What is the focus of industrial-organizational psychology?

Applies psychological theories, principles and research to industrial and organizational settings.

What is the focus of sports & exercise psychology?

Psychological aspects regarding sports and physical performance.

What is the focus of forensic psychology?

Branch of psychology dealing with justice system.