Cell Transport Mechanisms and Homeostasis in Biology

What process moves materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion

What is the diffusion of water called?

Osmosis

What type of transport does not require energy?

Passive transport

What type of transport requires energy?

Active transport

What is the energy currency of the cell?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

What is a vesicle?

A small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cell

What is a type of passive transport that uses carrier proteins?

Facilitated diffusion

What is a type of active transport that uses carrier proteins?

Ion solute pumps

In what direction does the sodium-potassium pump move the ions?

Against the gradient

What type of active transport moves bulky material into the cell in a vesicle?

Endocytosis

What type of active transport moves material out of the cell in a vesicle?

Exocytosis

What is the difference in concentration between two spaces called?

Concentration gradient

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells and may burst due to water influx

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrinks due to water loss

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

The cell remains the same size as water moves in and out at equal rates

What is a hypertonic solution?

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell

What is a hypotonic solution?

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell

If the outside of a cell and the inside of the cell are now isotonic, then the cell has reached what point?

Equilibrium

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within a cell or organism

What is the bulk transport of solid particles called?

Phagocytosis

What is the love of water called?

Hydrophilic

What controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

The plasma membrane

What part of the phospholipid is nonpolar?

The fatty acid tails

What part of the phospholipid is polar?

The phosphate head

What is the fear of water called?

Hydrophobic

What passage do small polar molecules like water use to move into and out of the cell?

Protein channels

What does not move out of the cell as a result of Cystic Fibrosis?

Chloride ions

What plasma membrane structure helps identify substances in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

glucose extensions

Which plasma membrane structure provides a hydrophobic barrier?

Fatty acid tails

In what direction do O2 and CO2 move through the cell?

O2 moves in and CO2 moves out

Sodium moves in what direction during solute pumping?

Out of the cell

What is the ratio of sodium to potassium moved during solute pumping?

3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions in