CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS

Custom

“An action or way of behaving that is usual and traditional among the people in a particular group or place.”

Tagalog

• Largest ethnolinguistic group

• Native to the Metro Manila and Calabarzon

  regions of southern Luzon

1. Augustinians (1565)

2. Franciscans (1578)

3. Jesuits (1581)

4. Dominicans (1587)

5. Augustinian Recollects (1606)

ORDER of Evangelization in the Philippines (AFJDA-R)

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

Followed the same route taken by Magellan

1543

year of the Villalobos Expedition

February 2, 1543

Exact date when Villalobos reached Mindanao

Las Islas Filipinas

• name given to the Philippines by Villalobos

• to honor King Philip (Felip) II of Spain

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

first governor of the Philippines

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

He established the city of Manila

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Lay the foundations for the conversion of the people to Christianity

Raja Tupas

Last Raja of Cebu

1576

When did Miguel de Loarca arrive?

• encomendero

• Panay

Loarca became an ______ of _______

Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1582)

What did Miguel Loarca wrote in 1582?

described the way of life of Filipinos living in Western Visayas area

The book Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1582) is about?

FALSE

insufficient food supply

TRUE OR FALSE

Ruy Villalobos’ colony did not stay long because of mutiny

Sarangani

Where Ruy Villalobos established his colony

Cebu

Where Miguel Lopez de Legazpi first settled

Fray Juan de Plasencia

• spanish priest

• belonged to the first batch of Franciscans

July 2, 1578

Exact date when the Franciscans arrived at port in Cavite

Fray Diego de Oropresa

The one Fray Juan de Plasencia is with when they were assigned to do mission works in Southern Tagalog area

Antonio de Morga

Who wrote Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas?

• asesor

• teniente general

Position of Antonio de Morga when he came to the Philippines (2)

1595

Year when Antonio de Morga came to the Philippines

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Book containing information about the state of the Philippines at the latter part of the 16th century

Gobernadorcillo

leader of a town or pueblo

FALSE

Friars

TRUE OR FALSE

To ensure that they would remain loyal to the Crown, they instructed the GENERALS assigned in the parishes to supervise and monitor the activities of the gobernadorcillo

Friars

As years went by, the _____ ended up the most knowledgeable and influential figure in the pueblo.

• inform periodically their superiors of what was going on in their respective assignments.

• report the number of natives they converted, the people’s way of life, their socio-economic situation, and the problems they encountered.

• submitted short letters while others who were keen observers and gifted writers wrote long dispatches.

Duties of Friars assigned in mission territories (3)

DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA EN LENGUA ESPANOLA Y TAGALA

• an early book of Roman Catholic catechism

• believed to be one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines

1593

Year when Doctrina Christiana was written

Fray Juan de Plasencia

Who wrote Doctrina Christiana?

• catechism

• hymns

Doctrina Christiana includes translations of Christian _______ and ________ from Spanish to Old Tagalog and Baybayin, an indigenous writing script of the Philippines.

RELACION DE LAS COSTUMBRES DE LOS TAGALOS

Spanish term for Customs of Tagalog

Archivo General de Indias (A.G.I.) in Seville, Spain

Where is the original text of Placencia’s customs of the tagalog currently kept?

Archivo Franciscano Ibero-Oriental (A.F.I.O.), in Madrid

Where is the duplicate of Placencia’s customs of the tagalog currently kept?

Balangay

First wooden boat

Barangay

• tribal gathering ruled by chiefs

• have some sort of diplomacy

• equal in terms of status

30 - 100 houses

Barangays are consisted of how many houses?

Joan de Portocarrero

real name of Fray Juan de Plasencia

Elite spaniards

The ones who lives in intramuros

1. Datu

2. Maharlica

3. Aliping Namamahay

4. Aliping sa Guiguilir

Order of Social Hierarchy from top to bottom

Datu

• chiefs of the village

• they governed the people as captains even in

  wars, were obeyed, and reverenced;

• These chiefs or _____ ruled over but few people;

  sometimes as many as hundreds houses, sometimes even less than thirty.

• by inheritance

• by intelligence, wealth, strength, and bravery

How to become a Datu? (2)

• implement the laws

• ensure order and give protection

• Disputes settled in court made with datu and council of elders.

Duties of Datus as Administration of Justice (3)

Maharlica (nobles)

• People who are born free

• Do not need to pay taxes

• Must accompany the datu in war

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Maharlica’s status can be taken if they marry a slave.

Aliping Namamahay (commoners)

• They have their own properties but has to serve their own masters

• Children belonging to this caste inherit the status of their parents

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Aliping Namamahay (commoners) can be treated as a slave or can be sold off

Aliping sa Guiguilir (slaves)

• They serve their master in their houses and lands.

• Can be sold off

1. captivity in war

2. reasons of debt

3. inheritance

4. purchase

5. committing a crime

A person can be a slave by? (5) (CRIPO)

1. forgiveness

2. paying of debt

3. condonation

4. bravery

Slaves can be emancipated through (4)

Monogamous

marriage with only one person at a time or the practice of having only one mate

Paninilbihan

courtship

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Marriage between couples belonging to different social classes were not common

1. adultery

2. abandonment

3. cruelty

4. insanity

Several grounds for separation (4) [AACI]

Simbahan

a place to worship which is constructed at a large house of the chief where people of the tribe go to celebrate festivals (aka pandot or worship)

four

RELIGION

They beat large and small drums successively during the feast which usually lasted ___ days.

Sibi

a temporary shed, made on each side of the datu’s house, for the assembled people

Animism

belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

nagaanitos

worship term for animism

Anito

used to refer to spirits, including the household deities, deceased ancestors, nature-spirits, nymphs and diwatas (minor gods and demi- gods)

Bahala Na

Filipino attitude that expresses courage and faith in God.

Bathala

• supreme being; the creator

• one of their many idols, whom they specially worshipped

Sun

almost universally respected and honored because of its beauty

Moon

RELIGION

they would rejoice, especially when new

Stars

RELIGION

they did not name them except for the morning star, which they called Tala.

“Seven little goats“

RELIGION

the Pleiades; a star cluster

Balatic

RELIGION

the Greater Bear constellation

Mapolon

RELIGION

the change of seasons

Dian masalanta

RELIGION

an idol; patron of lovers and generation

Lacapati at idianale

RELIGION

idols; patrons of the cultivated lands and husbandry

Lic-ha

RELIGION

idols; images with different shapes

Buaya (crocodiles)

were respected by the Tagalogs due to their fear of being harmed by them; they offered a portion of what they carried in their boats to them

Catalonan

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• Priest from a people of rank

• Officiates the offering sacrifice for a feast and

  the food to be eaten being offered to the devil

Mangangauy

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They pretend to heal the sick in order to deceive others.

Manyisalat

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They can cast remedies to couples for them to abandon one another.

Mancocolam

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• Can emit fire from himself which cannot be extinguished

Hocloban

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• Much more powerful than a mangagauay

• can kill anyone without the use of any medicine

• can also heal those who are ill.

Silangan

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They would tear out and eat the liver of those they saw were wearing white.

Magtatangal

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They would go out at night without their heads and put it back into their bodies before the sun rise.

Osuang

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• tribesmen said they saw ____ can fly and murdered a man and ate his flesh

Mangangayoma

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood which would infuse the heart with love

Sonat

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• This devil helped people to die

• They can also know if the soul they helped to die can either be saved or not

Pangatahojan

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• They can predict the future

Bayoguin

12 PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

• These are men who are in the nature of a woman

Pamahiin (superstition)

BELIEF that is not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected with old ideas about magic, luck, and etc.

Tigmamanuguin Bird

• (a blue bird as large as a turtle-dove) song had two forms: a good omen, and a bad omen.

• they would go home in fear that evil would befall them if they continued their journey

• 4 days

• boat

• slave

• eating

• drinking

• In burying the dead, the corpse would be placed beside its house and be mourned at for __ _____

• It will then be laid on a ____ which serves as a coffin which is guarded by a ______.

• The grief of the relatives of the deceased is followed by _____ and ______.

Raja

Prince or SON of a datu

• Customs of the Tagalog

• Doctrina Christiana

Read by priests and missionaries for them to become effective evangelizers (2)