ALAT early stuff info

chapts 1-14

Nathan Brewer created Animal Care Panel (ACP) in 1940, ACP then turned to what

AALAS (american association for lab animal science)

two groups who do not support animal testing are who? they are also ones to publisize opinion online to show autrocities of animal use like protesting, vandalism, threats of violence

HSUS and Peta

what are alternatives to animal testing

computer models, cell culture, and lower vertebrates

what are the 5 members of the research team

Principal investigator, co-investigator, research technician, lab animal vet and lab animal techs

from the research team, who plans and coordinates all phases of the research and plans how to preform the research and reports any finding to the scieintific community

Principal investigator (PI)

from the research team, who follows orders and protocols from the PI on HOW to do the research and observeing the animal and preforming lab tests, and collect analyze and organize data from research

Co-investigator

from the research team, who coordinates animal care activities, advices investigaotrs on paper animal model selection and use, and moniter health of animals while ensuring regulating and policies are being applies

lab animal vets

from the research team, who preform animal care duties ensuring animals are healthy and preform clenaing schedule, bedding, feed, heat, light, noise problems

lab animal techs

what does the whistle blower policy do

ensures animal welfare is being maintained by providing immunity from prosecution or negative treatment to employee who reports deficits in animal care program and protects the employee who reports the other employee as its impacting the status of the investigation

which philosophy is this (operational or customer service) philosophy: care for every animal, if procedure wasnt documented, it wasnt done, research animal care must be a team including animal care and resarch staff

operational philosophu

which philosophy is this (operational or customer service) philosophy: smile, be plesant, demonstrate and project a sense of caring, respoond actively to needs and various of the day within limits of operational philosophu

cutomer service philosophy

who published the guide

AALAS (American Association for lab animal science)

what does the guide reinforce

trainings, animal housing, management, vet care, animal procurement, transportaion etc

ACP turned to AALAS to what

AAALAC

who submits an assurance quality saying PHS policy is following regulations

OLAW at NIH

based on the institution, they need to follow AWA, AWR or PHS policy but they all need an _____ to oversee their animal use

IACUC

who incorporated US principles

PHS policy

what are the 2 rules GLP has to follow

1. train and maintain a current training file, including tech training

   1. write SOPs for ALL husbandry and scientific procedure

what are the two types SOPs

Institutional SOP and Procedural SOP

what is institutional SOP

describes the way things are done, generally housekeeping and husbandry chores in animal room

what is procedural SOP

address procedure specific to each study and includes info on animal restraint and care after procedure

_______ is an important factor vailidating results

consistency

the 3Rs fall under the study of ______ which includes soial and moral issues conrerning work w live animals

bioethics

explain the 3Rs

• Replace: non animal alt should be considered prior to research

• reduction: if no alt, the study should use minimum number of animals

  • refinement: reduce pain/distress as much as possible of animals potentially undergoing painful procedures

if you have any concerns about the mistreatment of the animals, who can you contact besides your supervisor

clinical vet, director of animal resources, IACUC

In a disaster plan, all staff should know a physical copy, an electronic copy, an evaluation of human safety, and how to write an incident report. In the physical and electronic copy, who’s emergency contact should be on there

director, manager, vets, supervisors, EHS office, Fire department

threats can come in a variety of ways, what are ways we can avoid this

background checks, monitoring phone usage, visible ID, knowing layout of the building, familiarize w the staff

what are three examples of danger or threats

global threats, bioterrorism, localized attacks from biomedical

what is the best mechanism against threats

compliance

what are some questions you need to answer when reporting an incident

Q. where did the incident happen

Q. which areas are affected

Q. is there power loss

Q. is everyone accounted for?

Q. are any animal injured or missing from cages?

Q. any hazardous substance released

which federal agency reduces risk of injuries for alll employees

OSHA (occupational safety and health act)

when would NRC (nuclear regulatory commision) be applied and used

when radioactivity material are present

when would CDC be applied and used

when working with infectious agents

what are examples of PPE as its encourages by SOPs

uniforms, bonnets, gloves, eye and face protection, footwear, hearing protection, masks and respirator, types of hazards

how long should you wash your eyes for standard emergency

15 mins

radioactive is a chemical compound where they lose energy by radiating particles through air, what are the three steps to reduce exposure and prevent it

shielding, time, and distance

(minimizing the time around radioactive materials and keeping a distance)

ergonomic hazards are the most common injuries, what are two examples of this? how can you prevent these from occuring

musculoskeletal injuries and repetitive motions. Can be prevented by taking short breaks

what are examples of infectious zoonotic hazards

rabies, tuberculosis, taxoplasmosis, Q-fever, B-virus

how can you get tuberculosis

by inhaling contaminated aerosols from cattles, goats, pigs, birds, fish, NHP

where is taxoplasmosis found

in infected feces of cats from contaminated meat which can lead to birth defect or miscarriage if pregnant

rachwashers temperature from dirty to clean is at what temperature

180 F ( 82.2 °C)

what temperature are autoclaves moving from clean side to sterile

212 *F (100*C)

what are the 3 types of cagewashers

tunnel washer, rach washer, cabinet washer

which of the 3 types of cagewashers is this:

process small equipment like cages, wire bare lids, cage tops, catch pans, botles in baskets and even smallerr items are placed in a basket like cage card holders

tunnel washers

which of the 3 types of cagewashers is this:

for largee equipment like bulk carts, animal cages, cage racks. there are some small equipment that can be placed on racks and carts like cages, lids, bottles

rack washer

which of the 3 types of cagewashers is this:

for glassware and small tools like bottles, beakers, and used in smaller spaces and easier to access to internal parts

cabinet washer

which type of disinfectant is used to clean hallways, wash rooms, large animal housing ? (foamers, misters, foggers)

foamers!! need to ensure no animal is near and once filled w disinfectant, can hose down

water + disinfectant

which type of disinfectant is used to remove harmful microorganisms in a room and loading docks and receiving docks

misters and foggers

what are the 3 ways to test effectiveness analysis

• RODAC, which is a petri dish, and counting bacterial growth

• swab test measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP )

• PCR testing dust from plenums and air filters

The watering system eliminates ergonomic injuries, which consists of what

retractable recoil hoses that connect the room water supply to the mainfold system and the animal activates it by licking or biting the stem

pathogenic microorganisms may contaminate water and animal therefore, the animal drinking water is often treated with what?

acid, chlorine, reverse osmosis, Ultraviolet radiation

which species eat from a J-feeder?

rodents

which species eat from a J-feeder

rabbit, guinea pigs… larger species are fed with bowl

Laminar flow cabinet are used for cage changing with HEPA filter, how does it protect the animal from germs

blows HEPA filtered air thru back wall, around and down into the front grate and then air is HEPA filtered again before exhausted into the main room… 2X HEPA filter

HEPA is short for

High Efficiency Particulate Air

When are fume hoods used

when chemical fumes are used as air inside is blowing air away from the person into duct connected to the building exhaust

are fume hoods used for biohazardous or infectious agents?

NO! it does not protect animal from microbiologic contamination

explain Class 1 BSC

used for cage dumping, draws in unfiltered air thru grate, thru HEPA filter then out of the room. So it protects the user and the environment BUT since it draws in unfiltered air, it provides NO protection to the animal inside

explain Class 2 BSC

draw air into the cabinet, HEPA-filter it, and filter it before exhausting it so it protects YOU and the Animal. There are different types of this like Type A1, Type A2, type B1, type B2 and used for surgical prep, cell cultre, and cage prep

explain Class 3 BSC

aka “glove box” airtight cabinets for high-risk biological agents and personnel DO NOT come in close contact with the materials inside. Need to use LONG, heavy rubber gloves attached to gas-tight ports to reach objects inside the cabinets. so it protects YOU and Everything else

Autoclaves temp is 212*F aka 100*C and is used to sterilize items, why do we prefer this method?

its fast, reliable, inexpensive and avoids the use of toxic chemicals

what should you NOT autoclave

flammable liquids and radioactive materials

what does “high pressure” mean when using an autoclave

allows the steam to be superheated which meanss heated above its normal temperature of 212F (100C)

when using autoclaves, why should liquid containers not be tightly sealed?

bcuz liquid will expand as temperature rises and may explodee!

what are three ways to ensure the autoclaves were effective

mechanical, chemical, and biological

how does mechanical effectiveness look like when checking an autoclave

by viewing gauges or displays on the equipment and some have recording devices… howeverrr, correct reading doesnt ensure sterilization was acheived but may be the first sign of an issue

how does chemical effectiveness look like when checking an autoclave and provide examples pls

using a chemical indicator that assess physical condition like temperature. for example it changes color when temperature is reaches. examples are autoclave tape, integrator strips, plastic indicator bags

how does biological effectiveness look like when checking an autoclave and provide examples pls

is more of a legit test using a biological indicator which is a spore strips, and autoclaves at the center of the load where the endospores are tested after to see if they survived (alive=failed) (Killed=passed)

tissue digestors are used to dispose carcasses and tissues, what are mixed together to break down whole animal carcass that results in a slurry or thick liquid

caustic chemical + water + heat

Where is the residue from a tissue digester disposed of?

into the sewer system

why would we use an incinerator over a tissue digestor?

incinerator are best for high risk diseases. It burns tissues and other material into ashes and kills ALL infectious organisms which is why its suitable for biohazardous waste

where do we dipose the waste from the incinerator?

normal trash as general

why are animals weighted when they are first arriving

to get a baseline body weight for health records and to ensure they are getting the proper dosage

what is considered to be a “primary enclosure”

animal housing

in order to be a good housing method, it needs to be escape proof, well ventilated, free of cracks, smooth surfaces, clear for visual inspection, feeder and watering devices. what would not be accepted

poor ventilation as it can lead to water dripping and urine soaking up the animals, so it increases humidity and ammonia in the cage

poor ventilation in a cage increases what two factors

humidity and ammonia

squeeze cage are used for:

(NHP, Agricultural animals, rodents)

NHPs indoors

Large corals are used for:

(NHP, Agricultural animals, rodents)

NHPs, outdoor

runs, corals, and cribs are used for:

(NHP, Agricultural animals, rodents)

agricultural animals

what are the 6 types of plastic

polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystryene, polyphenylsulfone, polyethylene, polyprophylene

out of the 6 types of plastic (polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystryene, polyphenylsulfone, polyethylene, polyprophylene) which ones can withstand extreme autoclave temp

polysulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polycarbonate

out of the 6 plastics (polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystryene, polyphenylsulfone, polyethylene, polyprophylene) which are meant for a single use only

polystyrene and polyethylene

caging size depends on what

body weight, height or length, exercise req, enrichment needs

according to the guide and AWR, the animal must have space to stand up and turn around, lie down, and make other normal adjustment, it does not emphasize what?

does not include water or feed

what air pressure are Individually ventilated cages (IVCs)?

positive pressure

if ventilation in cages fail to move air in and out, what can happen

high levels of CO2 rise inside the cage and the animals must be moved before asphyxiation

what type of housing do we use for studies that involve infectious diseases and for which species

biocontainment cages and for rodents, primates, ferrets, and rabbits

biotontainment cages and microisolator cages ARE NOT the same!!, why?

biocontainment have additional protection, airtight seal, cage clamp, Negative pressure, locking mechanism

what air pressure are biocontainment cages?

negative pressurer

suspended cage systems hang from aluminum or stainless steel for guinea pigs, rats, and mice. why is it not practical for smaller animals?

suspended floors have openings (wire mesh) for smaller rodents they need solid floors with bedding

for which species do we use a crank to to prevent injuries while using squeeze cages?

larger NHP like baboons and chimps

what is the USDA requirement for a NHP perimeter fence to keep NHP safe and keep out unauthorized people

6ft high and 3ft away

what must each aquatic cage have

water source and drain

a “chute” is used for what type of animals

agricultural animals which is used to isolate an individual animal

different species / animals can be housed in the same room with what condition

proper PPE are followed

two types of specific use cages are

metabolism cages and transport/transfer cages

which out of the two specific cages (metabolism cages or transfer and transport cages) are used to monitor feed and water intake and urine and feces output

metabolusm cages, as it can measure oxygen level intake and CO2 expire levels

which out of the two specific cages (metabolism cages or transfer and transport cages) are temporary housing for a short term use only

transfer and transport cages

what is another name for transfer / transport cages

“jump box”