chapter 1.2 - Attachment

Infants interactions with their caregiver shapes their…

Attachment styles

Attachment styles:

Their learned orientations towards relationships with others

Who developed attachment theory?

John Bowlby

emphasized the importance of a secure relationship between child and caregiver for healthy psychological development.

Which American psychologist's experiments with monkeys influenced attachment theory?

Harry Harlow

Which Austrian ethologist studied instinctive behavior in animals and imprinting

Konrad Lorenz

What does avoidance of intimacy refer to in attachment theory?

Trust in interdependent relationships

How does a caregiver behave when a child is in a calm state according to attachment theory?

Shows engagement and interest

Which attachment style is characterized by comfort in emotional closeness and dependence on others?

secure

Separation anxiety occurs when a child is separated from their…

primary caregiver.

What are two essential functions of the mother in forming an attachment bond?

Protection and exploration

Attachment between a child and primary caregiver under three circumstances: 

• calm state

• distress state

• threat state 

• calm state: child is calm, turn to mother signs of love and care 

• distress state - child is distress (hurt, crying) , turns to mother for comfort

• threat state - child is scared, turns to mother for protection.

Mary Ainsworth developed the ____________ to test attachment patterns.

Strange Situation Procedure: look­ child’s behavior during separation from the mother and during r reunion

secure or insecure (avoidant)

Attachment patterns are also found in ...

adults

What are three aspects influenced by attachment patterns?

Perception of self, others, relationships

attachment style with its description:

Secure ↔ Comfortable with emotional closeness

Preoccupied ↔ Worries others don't value them

Fearful ↔ Afraid of emotional intimacy

Dismissing ↔ Values independence and self-sufficiency

Anxiety about abandonment 

the worry that others will find us unworthy and leave us 

avoidance of intimacy

the ease and trust with which we accept interdependent intimacy with others

Attachment styles are learned through _____ in close relationships and can ______   ______ by them.

experiences, be shaped

What is the biological purpose of attachment bonds according to Bowlby?

Survival