chapter 20: preventative and corrective oral appliances

what are preventative/corrective oral appliances?

appliances used to

1. prevent damage to teeth

2. keep teeth from shifting

3. prevent sleep apnea and snoring

4. orthodontically move teeth

what is the purpose of a sports mouthguard?

protect teeth and supporting structures 

what is the most common injury from sports?

dental injuries

what are the types of mouth guards?

1. stock mouth guards

2. boil and bite mouth guards

3. custom mouth guards

where are sports guards worn?

on the maxilla

sports guards absorb how much of impact?

~ 80% 

what do sports guard cushion?

the pressure from a forced bite

what are the different thicknesses sports guards come in?

5mm or 2mm

when are night guards worn?

during sleep

where are night guards worn?

usually on maxilla

what are night guards made of?

harder acrylic/processed acrylic

what are soft night guards made of?

thermoplastic sheets of poly vinyl acetate/polyethylene material

what are hard and soft night guards made of?

laminates of hard and soft thermoplastic materials

what are night guards AKA?

occlusal guards or bruxism occlusal guards 

how do you care for soft sports and bruxism guards?

1. wash with room temp water and liquid soap

2. do not soak

3. allow for air dry

4. do not leave in sun/in hot water

5. do not chew while wearing

what does OSA stand for?

obstructive sleep apnea

what is OSA?

a sleep disorder

what causes OSA?

when muscles that support the soft palate/uvula/tongue relax and the airway narrows/closes 

what happens during OSA?

stops breathing, drop in oxygen level causing the brain to wake up

how many times do patients wake up per hour with OSA?

10-20 times

what are risk factors of OSA?

1. large neck

2. obesity

3. chronic nasal congestion

4. HBP

5. diabetes

6. smoking

7. alcohol use

who is more at risk for OSA?

1. men (2 times more than women) 

2. middle aged

what are medical complications associated with sleep apnea?

1. hypertension

2. heart attack

3. heart failure

4. stroke

how to treat OSA?

1. medical intervention

2. CPAP device

3. uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

what does CPAP stand for?

continuous positive airway pressure

what does the CPAP do?

1. lifts soft palate

2. holds tongue in forward position

3. repositions the mandible to bring tongue away from airway

what are examples of preventative orthodontics?

1. space maintainer 

2. thumb sucking appliance 

3. palatal expansion appliance 

4. cross bite corrector 

5. orthodontic tooth aligners 

when are space maintainers usually used?

on pediatric patients

what do interceptive orthodontics do?

tries to correct orofacial region problems as they develop

what is a thumb sucking appliance?

a fixed appliance to deter thumb sucking

what do cross bite correctors do?

corrects the area where maxillary teeth are positioned lingual to the mandibular

what are orthodontic teeth aligners?

appliances that gradually move teeth

what is an example of an orthodontic tooth aligner?

invisalign

what are orthodontic tooth aligners made of?

thermoplastic material

how are orthodontic tooth aligners made?

digitally made (3D printer) 

what can 3D printers fabricate?

1. clear orthodontic aligners

2. implant guides

3. crowns