62. Physical hazards in the workplace – atmospheric pressure.

What is a hyperbaric environment?

An environment with increased atmospheric pressure, such as underwater or pressurized workspaces (e.g., divers, caisson workers).

What is barotrauma?

Damage caused by pressure differences between internal air spaces (e.g., ears, lungs) and external pressure.

What is pulmonary overinflation syndrome?

Lung overexpansion during ascent causes alveolar rupture and can lead to air embolism.

What is decompression sickness (DCS)?

Illness caused by nitrogen bubble formation during rapid decompression.

• Type 1: Joint and muscle pain

• Type 2: Neurological and respiratory symptoms (paralysis, cough, severe SOB)

What is nitrogen narcosis?

A narcotic effect of nitrogen under high pressure, similar to alcohol intoxication.

What is oxygen toxicity?

High partial pressures of oxygen cause CNS effects: nausea, confusion, seizures.

How can hyperbaric pressure hazards be prevented?

By managing ascent/descent rates, limiting time underwater, and using appropriate gas mixtures.

What is a hypobaric environment?

An environment with low atmospheric pressure, such as high altitudes (mountains, aviation).

What is acute mountain sickness (AMS)?

A condition with headache, nausea, dizziness caused by low oxygen pressure at high altitudes.

What is high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)?

Fluid accumulation in lungs due to hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction and capillary leak.
Symptoms: SOB, cough, weakness, tachycardia, headache.

What is high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)?

Brain swelling due to hypoxia.
Symptoms: Headache, confusion, ataxia.

How can hypobaric pressure hazards be prevented?

Through proper acclimatization, early symptom recognition, and descending when needed.