General Chemistry I - Bond Types and Intermolecular Forces (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering bond types, ionic vs covalent bonds, and intermolecular forces (including hydrogen bonds and polarity) from the notes.

Ionic bond

A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (cations and anions) that forms an ionic compound.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms within a molecule.

Ionic compound

A compound composed of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds.

Intermolecular forces

Forces of attraction between separate molecules, weaker than bonds within a molecule.

Ion-dipole force

Attraction between an ion and a polar molecule.

Hydrogen bond

A noncovalent attraction in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to N, O, or F interacts with a lone pair on an electronegative atom in another molecule.

Dipole-dipole force

Attraction between permanent dipoles in polar molecules.

London dispersion force

Weak intermolecular force arising from temporary dipoles; present in all molecules, more significant in larger nonpolar molecules.

Dipole-induced dipole force

Attraction between a permanent dipole and a nonpolar molecule that becomes temporarily polarizable.

Ion-induced dipole force

Attraction between an ion and a nonpolar molecule induced to have a temporary dipole.

Polar molecule

A molecule with a net dipole moment due to an uneven distribution of electron density.

Nonpolar molecule

A molecule with no net dipole moment, often symmetry or equal sharing of electrons.

H2

Diatomic hydrogen; nonpolar molecule with no permanent dipole moment.

SO2

Sulfur dioxide; polar molecule with bent geometry and a net dipole moment.

HF

Hydrogen fluoride; polar molecule capable of hydrogen bonding due to H–F bond.