AP Government Supreme Court Cases

What was the outcome of Baker v. Carr (1962)?

Established 'one person, one vote' principle, allowing federal courts to intervene.

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Declared school segregation unconstitutional, overturning 'separate but equal.'

What was the outcome of Citizens United v. F.E.C. (2010)?

Ruled restrictions on corporate political spending violated the First Amendment.

What was the outcome of Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

Found state-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.

What was the outcome of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

Established right to legal representation in criminal cases.

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Established judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

What was the outcome of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

Confirmed federal supremacy, allowing the federal government to establish a national bank.

What was the outcome of McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?

Extended the Second Amendment's individual right to bear arms to state and local governments.

What was the outcome of Roe v. Wade (1973)?

Established a woman's right to choose abortion, balancing it against the state's interest.

What was the outcome of Schenck v. U.S. (1919)?

Ruled that speech presenting a 'clear and present danger' is not protected by the First Amendment.

What was the outcome of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Ruled race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district boundaries.

What was the background of Baker v. Carr (1962)?

Challenged legislative apportionment in Tennessee.

What was the background of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Challenged racial segregation in public schools.

What was the background of Citizens United v. F.E.C. (2010)?

Concerned campaign finance laws and corporate spending.

What was the background of Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

Addressed state-sponsored prayer in public schools.

What was the background of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

Defendant denied an attorney due to inability to pay.

What was the background of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

Dealt with a delayed judicial appointment.

What was the background of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

Involved a national bank and state taxation.

What was the background of McDonald v. Chicago (2010)?

Challenged Chicago's handgun ban.

What was the background of Roe v. Wade (1973)?

Addressed Texas abortion laws.

What was the background of Schenck v. U.S. (1919)?

Concerned anti-draft leaflets during World War I.

What was the background of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?

Challenged racially gerrymandered congressional districts.

What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

Students suspended for Vietnam War protests.

What was the outcome of Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

Established students' First Amendment rights in public schools.

What is U.S. v. Lopez (1995)?

Challenged the Gun-Free School Zones Act.

What was the outcome of U.S. v. Lopez (1995)?

Limited federal authority by ruling it exceeded Commerce Clause powers.

What is Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?

Amish parents prosecuted for not sending children to school.

What was the outcome of Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?

Ruled Amish free exercise of religion outweighed state's compulsory education interest.

What was the NY Times Co. v. United States (1971) case about?

Issues of prior restraint and freedom of the press. (Pentagon Papers)

What was the Court's ruling in the NY Times Co. v. United States (1971) case?

In favor of the newspapers, asserting that the government's efforts to restrain publication violated the First Amendment's protection of freedom of the press.

What precedent did the NY Times Co. v. United States (1971) case establish?

A significant precedent in favor of press freedom and limited the government's ability to impose prior restraint on the media.

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A proposal presented during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 as an alternative to the Virginia Plan, advocating a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state.

What was the Connecticut Compromise?

A pivotal agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 establishing a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation for each state.