Most of Head and Neck Midterm - some of bones, muscles, tmj, vascular, veins

arterial blood supply

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

capillary networks

tiny blood vessels that connect to the smallest arteries to the smallest veins which form a network throughout the body for the exchange of oxygen, metabolic waste products, and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue cells

smallest arteries

arterioles

venule

smallest vein

venous drainage

carries oxygen deppleted blood back to the heart

artery

component of the vascular system that arises from the heart and carries blood away from it

arteriole

each artery starts as a large vessel and branches into smaller vessels called

vein

travels to the heart and carries blood to it

venous sinuses

blood filled spaces between two layers of tissue

anastomoses

venous networks are connected by

a connecting channel among the vessels

vascular plexus

Large network of blood vessels

ventricles relaxed

blood flows from the atria, opens atrioventricular valves

ventricular contract

blood leaves venticles and opens semilunar valves

left side

common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the aorta

right side

the common carotid and subclavian arteries are both branches from the brachiocephalic artery

brachiocephalic artery

direct branch of aorta

common carotid artery

branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx, to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

carotid sheath

part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck and contains the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve

surrounds the vascular compartments of the neck

carotid sinus

selling

before common carotid ends by dividing into internal and external at the level of the larynx

radial artery

go-to pulse for dental professionals

brachial artery

used for blood pressure, upper arm's major vessel that carries blood away from the heart

subclavian artery

arises lateral to the common carotid artery

gives rise to branches that supply intracranial and extracranial structures, but its major destination is the upper arm

internal carotid artery

division that travels superiorly in a slightly lateral position in relationship to the external carotid artery after leaving the CCA

covered by SCM bilaterally

no branches within neck

contained in carotid sheath

ophthalmic artery

branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the eyes, orbit, and lacrimal gland

external carotid artery

begins at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, at the termination of the common carotid.

travels superiorly in a more medial position

external carotid artery

supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck, including oral cavity

4 sets of branches in the external carotid artery

anterior, medial, posterior, terminal

anterior branches of the external carotid artery

superior thyroid, lingual, facial

superior thyroid artery

anterior branch from the external carotid artery

4 branches of superior thyroid artery

infrahyoid, SCM, superior laryngeal, circothyroid

supply structures inferior to the hyoid bone

inferior thyroid artery

branch of thyrocervical trunk

thyroid ima artery

comes from brachiocephalic trunk of the arch of aorta, supplying thyroid's anterior surface and isthmus

lingual artery

anterior branch from the external carotid artery and arises superior to the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone

travels to the apex of the tongue

supplies the structures superior to the hyoid bone

lingual artery branches

dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, suprahyoid, tonsillar

sublingual artery

supplies mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and floor of the mouth

facial artery

final anterior branch from ECA, arises superior to lingual, sometimes shares a common trunk with the lingual.

medial to mandible

facial artery

terminates at the medial canthus of the eye

supplies the face in the oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal, infraorbital, and orbital regions

major branches of the facial artery

the ascending palatine artery, tonsillar branches, submental artery, glandular branches, inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, and angular artery.

ascending palatine artery

first branch of facial artery

located near neck, cervical branch of artery

supplies soft palate, palatine muscles, tonsils

source of serious blood loss oor hemorrhage

submental artery

supplies submand lymph nodes, mylohyoid, digastric

glandular branches

Supply submandibular salivary gland and nearby muscles.

inferior labial artery

Supplies blood to the lower lip.

superior labial artery

supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose

angular artery

Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the lateral side of the nose.

medial branch of ECA

ascending pharyngeal arises close and cannot be viewed in lateral views of head and neck

ascending pharyngeal artery

Supplies blood to the pharynx, soft palate, meninges, tonsils

branches: pharyngeal, meningeal, tonsillar

posterior branches of ECA

occipital, posterior auricular

occipital artery

Posterior branch of ECA, passes superiorly just deep to the ascending mandibular ramus and then travels to the posterior part of the scalp.

branches: SCM, muscular, auricular, meningeal, descending

posterior auricular artery

arises superior to the occipital artery and stylohyoid muscle at the level of the tip of the temporal bone and syloid process

branches: auricular and stylomastoid

auricular branch

supplies the internal ear

stylomastoid artery

supplies mastoid process

terminal branches of ECA

superficial temporal and maxillary

external carotid artery

splits into tweminal branches within the parotid salivary gland

superficial temporal artery

smaller terminal branch of ECA, arises within parotid salivary gland

branches: transverse facial, middle temporal, frontal, parietal

maxillary artery

largest terminal branch of ECA, inferior to TMJ, and turns anteromedially to the neck of the mandibular condyle and enters the pterygopalatine fossa

first part of maxillary artery

mandibular part, begins at neck of mandibular condyle within parotid salivary gland

crosses the inferior alveolar nerve

maxillary artery second part

pterygoid part

between the mandible and sphenomandibular ligament, enters pterygopalatine fossa trough the fissure

maxillary artery 3rd part

pterygopalatine

deep auricular artery

passes by the TMJ to enter the external acoustic meatus and the anterior tympanic artery

anterior tympanic artery

passes into the tympanic cavity supplies with deep auricular

accessory middle meningeal artery

Helps to supply dura mater and cranial bones, structures of the infratemporal fossa

inferior alveolar artery

arises from the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa

turns inferiorly to enter mandibular foramen and the mandibular canal, along with inferior alveolar nerve and vein

inferior alveolar artery branches

dental and alveolar branches

mylohyoid

mental

incisive

mylohyoid artery

Supplies the floor of mouth and mylohyoid muscle

dental and alveolar branches

Within the mandibular canal, the IA artery gives rise to the _____

mental and incisive arteries

The IA artery branches into to arteries within the mandibular canal the _____

mental artery

exists the mandibular conal by the way of the mental foramen along with the mental nerve

mesenteric artery

supplies masseter muscle

buccal artery

passes to the buccal mucosa to supply the buccinator muscle and region

infraorbital artery branches

anterior superior alveolar artery

middle superior alveolar artery

orbital and terminal

middle superior alveolar artery

branches to the maxillary premolar teeth.

descending palatine artery

travels to the palate through pterygopalatine canal and terminates in the greater palatijne and lesser palatine to suply hard palate with periodontium and gingiva of maxillary posterior teeth

sphenopalatine artery

posterior nasal and septal branches

nasopalatine branch

nasopalatine branch

accompanies the nasopalatine nerve through the incisive foramen on the maxilla to supply anterior hard palate, palatal periodontium, and regional gingiva

veins

generally larger and more numerous than arteries

internal jugular vein

drains the brain as well as most of the other tissue of the head and neck

external jugular vein

drains only small amount of extracranial structures

facial vein

begin at medial canthus of eyes with the junction of 2 veins from the frontal region (supratrochlear and supraorbital)

superior labial vein

drains the upper lip

inferior labial vein

drains the lower lip

submental vein

drains the tissues of the chin and submandibular region

dorsal lingual veins

drain the dorsal surface of the tongue

deep lingual vein

drains the ventral surface of the tongue

sublingual vein

drains the floor of the mouth

retromandibular vein

drains the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal arteries.

anterior retromandibular vein

joins with facial vein

posterior retromandibular vein

SCM and merges with external jugular vein

posterior auricular vein

joins retromandibular vein before it divides

drains lateral scalp posteior to the ear

becomes external jugular vein

superificial temporal vein

drains lateral scalp and is located in skin covering the temporal region

drain into and form retromandibular vein

maxillary vein

deeper than superficial temporal and begins with infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from pterygoid plexus

pterygoid plexus of veins

collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery

protects maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication

posterior superior alveolar vein

*Drains into pterygoid plexus

*Formed by merger of dental & alveolar branches draining pulp & periodontium of maxillary teeth

inferior alveolar vein

Forms from the merging of its dental branches, alveolar branches, and mental branches in the mandible, where they also drain into the pterygoid plexus

cavernous sinus

most important to dental care

located on lateral surface of the body of the sphenoid bone

7 paired dural sinuses

transverse, cavernous, greater and lesser petrosal, sphenoparietal, sigmoid, and basilar

5 unpaired dural sinuses

superior and inferior sagittal, straight occipital and intercavernous

cavernous sinus

only anatomic location in which an artery travels completely through a venous structure

cavernous sinus thrombosis

blood clot within the sinus that formed secondary to primary infection found within the facial sinuses or oral regions, can be deadly

internal jugular vein

drains most structures of head and neck

external jugular vein

posterior division of retromandbilar vein