Exam #4; Microbiology

what infection/disease does Streptoccus pnemoniae (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Acute Otitis Media, Bacterial Pneumonia. Bacterial meningitis

what infection/disease does Moraxella catarrhalis (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Acute Otitis Media

what infection/disease does Haemophilus influenza (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Acute Otitis Media, Bacterial Pneumonia, Bacterial Conjunctivitis ("pink eye"), Bacterial meningitis

what infection/disease does Neisseria meningitidis (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Bacterial meningitis

what infection/disease does Streptococcus pyogenes (true pathogen) cause?

Streptococcal Pharyngitis (strep throat), Scarlet Fever (streptococcus toxic shock syndrome), Impetigo (skin infection), Cellulitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis

what infection/disease does Corynebacterium diphtheriae (true pathogen) cause?

Diphtheria (Tdap vaccine)

What infection/disease does Mycoplasma pneumoniae (true pathogen; "walking pneumoniae") cause?

Bacterial Pneumonia

what infection/disease does Bordetella pertussis (true pathogen) cause?

Whopping cough (Tdap vaccine)

what disease/infection does Mycobacterium tuberculosis (in btw opportunistic pathogen & true pathogen) cause?

Tuberculosis

what pathogens cause a common cold? what vaccines?

Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Coronaviruses; no vaccine

what pathogen cause Influenza? what vaccines?

Influenza A (most severe), B and C

vaccines developed yearly bc each year it mutates

what pathogen causes Measles? what is its vaccine ?

Measles virus

MMR (infants 1 years old)

what pathogen causes SARS? what is it? and what vaccine?

Coronaviruses; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Covid-19 (every year bc it mutates)

what infection/disease does Pneumocystis jirovecii and Cryptococcus neoformans cause?

Fungal Pneumonia (yeasts and only cause infection in immunocompromised patients like HIV/AIDS)

what opportunistic pathogens are Staphylococcus spp.? what are their characteristics?

S. aures (most prevelent/virulent of skin infection)

S. epidermis (not usually virulent but can cause infection in immunocompromised patients)

characteristics: aligned in clusters/clumps/tetrades; skin microbiota; prulent (produces puss)

what true pathogens are Streptococcus spp.? what are their characteristics?

S. pyogenes & S. pneumoniae; characteristics: aligned in chains/diplococcus ; non-prulent

what diseases/infections does Staphylococcus aureus (opportunistic pathogens) cause?

Folliculitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles, Staphylococcal Scaled Skin Syndrome, Impetigo , Cellulitis

what disease/infection does Bacillus anthracis (true pathogen) cause?

Cutaneous Anthrax ("Wool-Sorter's disease)

what infection/disease does Pseudomonas aeruginosa (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Otitis Externa (swimmers ear) and Hot Tub Folliculitis and Bacterial Keratitis

what disease/infection does Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

Neonatal Bacterial Conjunctivitis

In Chlamydia trachomatis, what is trachoma?

the leading cause of infectious blindness; eye lids flip inside out and can scrap eye ball

what pathogen causes Fifth Disease? what separates it from Roseola?

Parvovirus B19; "slapped-cheek" rash

what pathogen cause Herpes Keratitis? where is it contracted?

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1); eye

what pathogen causes Oral Herpes? where it is contracted

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 ; mouth

what pathogen causes papilloma?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

what pathogen causes Roseola

Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6 & HHV 7)

what fungal infection of the skin does Dermatophyte fungi cause?

Athlete's Foot, Ringworm, and Jock Itch

what infection/diseases does Gardnerella vaginalis (opportunistic pathogen) cause?

Bacterial vaginosis (inflammation of vagina)

what infection/disease does Escherichia coli cause (opportunistic pathogen) cause ? where is it located at?

Cystitis (bladder infection) and Pyelonephritis (kidney infection); GI tract

what infection/disease does Enterococcus faecalis (opportunistic pathogen) cause? where is it located at?

Cystitis (bladder infection) and Pyelonephritis (kidney infection); vaginal tract

what infection/disease does Streptococcus agalactiae (opportunistic pathogen) cause? where is it located at?

Cystitis (bladder infection) and Pyelonephritis (kidney infection), Bacterial meningitis; vaginal tract

what infection/disease does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

Chlamydia (obligate intracellular pathogen; do not grow outside of its hosts cell)

what infection/disease does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?

Gonorrhea (gram-negative diplococcus)

what infection/disease does Treponema pallidum cause?

Syphilis (spriochete; dangerous bc it lasts for decades)

what secondary infection/disease do all 3 sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Treponema pallidum) cause?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

what infection./disease does Candida albicans (opportunistic pathogen) cause? where is it located?

Candidiasis (yeast infection); normal flora in vaginal tract

what pathogen causes the viral infection Cervical Cancer ?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16,18 and others

what pathogen causes the viral infection Human Papilloma ?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

what pathogen causes the viral infection Genital Herpes

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and 2

what infection/diseases does Campylobacter jejuni (NF in farm animals) cause?

How is it transmitted?

Gastroenteritis; transmitted through raw milk/contaminated water)

what infection/diseases does Vibrio cholera cause? how is it transmitted? what is another name for it?

Cholera; shellfish and other water sources; "rice water stool" (bc of severe fluid loss)

what infection/disease does Clostridium difficile cause?

Pseudomembranous colitis ("C. diff")

what infection/disease does Escherichia coli O157:H7 (HUS) cause? what is HUS?

E. coli infections (food poisoning); Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (toxins that cause kidney damage)

the pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes?

Peptic Ulcers

the pathogen Shigella dysenteriae (also releases HUS) causes?

Dysentery

the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes? what makes you sick?

Staphylococcus food poisoning ("true food poisoning"); the toxins that this bacterium produces makes you sick, not the bacteria

the pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype typhi causes?

Typhoid Fever ("Typhoid Mary")

what is Bacteremia? what most commonly causes this?

bacteria in the blood; pneumonia, abdominal/wound infection, UTIs

what is Sepsis? what most commonly causes this?

Immune system's response to the bacteria in the blood; pneumonia, abdominal/wound infection, UTIs

what is Septic Shock?

is when the immune system causes harm to the body by uncontrolled inflammation, trying to kill the bacteria; low blood pressure and if left untreated it can cause organ damage/death

how is bacteremia, sepsis, and septic shock likely to happen?

anything can cause this because it happens secondary to an infection.

what infection/disease does HACEK bacilli cause?

Bacterial Endocarditis

what infection/disease does Francisella tularensis cause? what is it? where does it normally infect?

Tularemia ; zoonotic infection from rabbits "Rabbit Fever"; Lymph

what infection/disease does Bartonella henselae cause?

Cat Scratch Fever

what infection/disease does Yersinia pestis cause?

The Black Plague

In the black plauge what is it called when Y. pestis eats the tissue and kills it ?

Buboe (transmitted through fleas)

what are the three most known black plague? where does it occur?

Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic ; the lymphs

what is Bubonic?

its the most common and it is from a flea bite on lower part of the body (U.T - 55% M.R. ; T- 10% M.R. )

What is Septicemic?

deadly; DIC - blood clot inside the body (U.T. 100% M.R. ; T 55% M.R.)

what is Pneumonic?

deadly; RLF- rapid respiratory failure (U.T. 100% M.R. ; T 55% M.R.)

the pathogen HIV causes what viral infection?

AIDS (acquired immune deficiancy syndrome)

the pathogen Ebola virus causes what viral infection?

Ebola

the pathogen Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus causes what viral infection?

Infectious Mononucleosis ("Mono")

what infection/disease does Clostridium tetani cause?

Tetanus (Dtap); infectious, noncommunicable bc it grows through spores in soil

what is "tetany"

excessive muscle contraction

what infection/disease does Mycobacterium leprae cause?

Hansen's Disease ("leprusy")

the pathogen Poliovirus causes what acellular infection?

Poliomyelitis

the pathogen Rabies virus causes what acellular infection?

Rabies

the pathogens HSV 1 , HSV 2, Varicella zoster virus, influenza virus, and measles virus causes what acellular infection?

Viral meningitis

the pathogen Prions cause what acellular infection?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease