Musculoskeletal Problems and Nursing Care

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to musculoskeletal problems, diagnosis, nursing care related to injuries, and treatments.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Increased pressure on the median nerve causing pain, paresthesia, and weakness in the hand.

Tinel's Sign

A test indicating carpal tunnel syndrome, producing tingling or pins and needles sensation when tapping over the injured nerve.

Phalen's Sign

A test for carpal tunnel syndrome where wrist flexion for one minute reproduces pain or paresthesia.

Rotator Cuff Tear

Injury to the rotator cuff tendons leading to weakness and pain in the arm.

Drop Arm Test

A clinical assessment for rotator cuff tears, indicating positive findings if the patient cannot lower the arm slowly without pain.

Lachman Test

A test used to assess ACL injury by evaluating tibial movement in relation to the femur.

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursa, causing pain and swelling, particularly around joints.

Acute Low Back Pain

Pain resulting from trauma or stress, lasting less than 4 weeks, characterized by muscle ache and limited flexibility.

Chronic Low Back Pain

Pain persisting longer than 3 months, often associating with musculoskeletal and neurological conditions.

Compartment Syndrome

Increased pressure within a muscle compartment that decreases blood flow and causes tissue ischemia.

Fat Embolism

Presence of fat globules within the bloodstream following long bone fractures, characterized by rapid onset symptoms.

Osteoporosis

Condition of low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing fracture risk.

Neurovascular Checks

Assessment of circulation, sensation, and movement in a limb to identify complications post-injury or surgery.

Traction

Method for maintaining alignment and immobilization in fractures, using weights and pulleys.

Phantom Limb Sensation

Perception of pain or sensation in a limb that has been amputated.

Median Nerve Anatomy

The median nerve runs down the arm and enters the hand; it controls wrist flexion and sensation in parts of the hand.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Symptoms include numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand, particularly in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger.

Treatments for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Treatment options include wrist splinting, corticosteroid injections, and surgical release of the carpal tunnel.

Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears

Common causes include repetitive overhead activities, aging, and acute injuries.

Symptoms of Bursitis

Symptoms include localized pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected joint.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Risk factors include age, gender (more common in women), family history, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and sedentary lifestyle.

Signs of Compartment Syndrome

Signs include severe pain, swelling, and decreased sensation or movement in the affected limb.

Management of Phantom Limb Sensation

Management may include medications, physical therapy, and psychological support.

Post-Surgical Neurovascular Checks

Post-surgical assessments check for proper blood circulation, sensation, and motor function in the affected limb.