Art History: Renaissance Art

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1

Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, 1280

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2

Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, 1305

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3

Giotto, Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, 1305

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4

Simone Martini, Annunciation, Sienna Cathedral, 1333

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5

Vesperbild (Pieta), Germany, 1330

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6

Jan van Eyck, Double Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife, 1434

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7

Limbourg Brothers, January of "Les Tres Riches Heures," 1411

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8

Jan van Eyck, Man in Red Turban, 1433

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9

Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432

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10

Rogier van der Weyden, Deposition, 1430

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11

Filippo Brunelleschi, Florence Cathedral Dome, 1420

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12

Michelozzo Bartolomeo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence, 1446

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13

Donatello, David, 1446

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14

Lorenzo Ghiberti, The Gates of Paradise, Florence, 1425

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15

Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1427

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16

Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1484

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17

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1495

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18

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510

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19

Michelangelo, Pieta, 1500

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20

Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel ceiling, 1511

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21

Titian, Pastoral Concert, 1510

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22

Jacapo Pontormo, The Entombment, 1525

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23

Palladio, Villa Rotunda, 1560's

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24

Albrecht Durer, Four Apostles, 1526

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25

El Greco, Burial of Count Orgaz, 1586

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26

Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1505

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27

Quinten Massys, Money Changer and His Wife, 1514

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28

Pieter Brugel the Elder, Return of the Hunters, 1565

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29

Fresco Secco

Painting on dry plaster

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30

Buon Fresco

true fresco; water applied to wet lime plaster

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31

Giornata

"a days work" in Italian; each patch was what the artist planned to paint in a single day

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32

Loggia

a roofed arcade or gallery with open sides stretching along the front or side of a building

<p>a roofed arcade or gallery with open sides stretching along the front or side of a building</p>
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33

Intuitive Perspective

giving the impression of recession of objects in space by approximating the appearance of things as smaller or larger, not accurate system/proportions to show this

<p>giving the impression of recession of objects in space by approximating the appearance of things as smaller or larger, not accurate system/proportions to show this</p>
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34

Picture Plane

The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes the picture in.

<p>The flat surface or plane that the artist organizes the picture in.</p>
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35

Contrapposto

A style of Greek sculpture where people are depicted standing and leaning so that the person's weight is being put on one side. People are depicted with their bodies curved like an "S"

<p>A style of Greek sculpture where people are depicted standing and leaning so that the person's weight is being put on one side. People are depicted with their bodies curved like an "S"</p>
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36

Trompe L'oeil

"Tricking the eye." Appears that the image is in the room with you.

<p>"Tricking the eye." Appears that the image is in the room with you.</p>
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37

Allegory

A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

<p>A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.</p>
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38

Putti

system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England

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39

Palazzo

Italian term for place, meaning used for any large urban dwelling

<p>Italian term for place, meaning used for any large urban dwelling</p>
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40

Rusticated

The rough, irregular and unfinished effect deliberately given to the exterior facing of a stone edifice. Rusticated stones are often large and used for decorative emphasis around doors or windows or across entire lower floors of a building

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41

Vitruvius

was a Roman author, architect, and civil engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De Architectura

<p>was a Roman author, architect, and civil engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De Architectura</p>
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42

Giorgio Vasari

Italian painter and art historian (1511-1574); wrote The Lives of the Artists. Massive patronage of the arts came from this and was lead by families like the Medici's and also the churches, who saw art as a means of glorifying God.

<p>Italian painter and art historian (1511-1574); wrote The Lives of the Artists. Massive patronage of the arts came from this and was lead by families like the Medici's and also the churches, who saw art as a means of glorifying God.</p>
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43

Council of Trent

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.

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44

Glazes

thin transparent layers put over a painting to alter the color and build up a rich sonorous effect

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45

Pieta

A painting, drawing, or sculpture of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, holding the dead body of Jesus. The word means "pity" in Italian.

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46

Chiaroscuro

the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting

<p>the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting</p>
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47

Sfumato

A smokelike haziness that subtly softens outlines in painting; particularly applied to the painting of Leonardo and Correggio.

<p>A smokelike haziness that subtly softens outlines in painting; particularly applied to the painting of Leonardo and Correggio.</p>
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48

City- State

A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

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49

Grisaille

a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture

<p>a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture</p>
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50

The International Gothic Style

Rich colors, intricate patterns, and weightless figures

<p>Rich colors, intricate patterns, and weightless figures</p>
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51

Book of Hours

book or manuscript containing a calendar, prayers, and biblical passages for private devotion

<p>book or manuscript containing a calendar, prayers, and biblical passages for private devotion</p>
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52

Iconography

The symbolic representation of a subject.

the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject

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53

Diptych/Triptych/ Polyptych

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54

Printing Media

Tempera, Oil

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55

Printing Processes

Woodcut, engraving

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56

Donor Portrait

A portrait of the individual(s) who commission a religious work, for example an altarpiece, as evidence of devotion.

<p>A portrait of the individual(s) who commission a religious work, for example an altarpiece, as evidence of devotion.</p>
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57

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

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58

Atmospheric Perspective

Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.

<p>Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.</p>
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59

Linear Perspective

A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

<p>A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.</p>
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60

Vanishing Point

A vanishing point is a point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.

<p>A vanishing point is a point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge.</p>
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61

Protestand Reformation

a protest that spread through western europe and started a great revolt against the church

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62

Counter Reformation

Catholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church. The first meeting for the Council of Trent began this reformation.

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63

Genre Painting

painting in which scenes of everyday life are depicted

<p>painting in which scenes of everyday life are depicted</p>
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64

Iconoclasm

A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful.

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65

Chateau

A castle or manor-house.

<p>A castle or manor-house.</p>
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66

Momento Mori

Latin, "reminder of death." In painting, a reminder of human mortality, usually represented by a skull.

<p>Latin, "reminder of death." In painting, a reminder of human mortality, usually represented by a skull.</p>
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67

Cimabue

One of first artists to break away from Italio-Byzantine style, Giotto's teacher,

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68

Giotto

An artist who led the way into realism; his treatment of the human body and face replaced the formal stiffness and artificiality that had long characterized the representation of the human body; used chiaroscuro

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69

Duccio

International Gothic Style, French Gothic

<p>International Gothic Style, French Gothic</p>
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70

Simone Martini

Duccio's student/successor, Most famous painter of the Sienese School

<p>Duccio's student/successor, Most famous painter of the Sienese School</p>
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71

Jan van Eyck

Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting, lots of portraiture, dark colors.

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72

Rogier van der Weyden

Early Netherlandish painter. His surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs, altarpieces and commissioned single and diptych portraits

<p>Early Netherlandish painter. His surviving works consist mainly of religious triptychs, altarpieces and commissioned single and diptych portraits</p>
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73

Filippo Brunelleschi

Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance; built first dome over Cathedral of Florence

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74

Michelozzo Bartolomeo

Built Palazzo Medici-Riccardi In Florence

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75

Donatello

(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

<p>(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.</p>
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76

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Italian architect best known for sculpture and metalworking; won the competition that started the Renaissance (designing the Florence baptistry doors)

<p>Italian architect best known for sculpture and metalworking; won the competition that started the Renaissance (designing the Florence baptistry doors)</p>
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77

Masaccio

The ranaissance artist who led the way in establishing a new style of employing deep space, modeling , and anatomical correctness.

<p>The ranaissance artist who led the way in establishing a new style of employing deep space, modeling , and anatomical correctness.</p>
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78

Sandro Botticelli

(1445-1510) A painter who used color, made many paintings on an allegorical level, took inspiration from greek mythology. More concerned with grace and elegance, works: birth of Venus

<p>(1445-1510) A painter who used color, made many paintings on an allegorical level, took inspiration from greek mythology. More concerned with grace and elegance, works: birth of Venus</p>
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79

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time.

<p>Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time.</p>
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80

Raphael

Well-known for Madonnas, humanized portrayals of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus.

<p>Well-known for Madonnas, humanized portrayals of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus.</p>
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81

Michelangelo

Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect; famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture of the David. Obsessed with the human form. Moved away from perfect proportions.

<p>Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect; famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture of the David. Obsessed with the human form. Moved away from perfect proportions.</p>
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82

Titian

A Renaissance painter in Venice, used vivid color, sfumato, and movement. (Titian used a red oil base to create a luminous image (Venetian glow))

<p>A Renaissance painter in Venice, used vivid color, sfumato, and movement. (Titian used a red oil base to create a luminous image (Venetian glow))</p>
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83

Palladio

Was an Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily by Vitruvius, is widely considered the most influential individual in the history of Western architecture.

<p>Was an Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily by Vitruvius, is widely considered the most influential individual in the history of Western architecture.</p>
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84

Albrecht Durer

One of the famous artists in northern Renaissance, who also study anatomy to paint people more realistically

<p>One of the famous artists in northern Renaissance, who also study anatomy to paint people more realistically</p>
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85

El Greco

Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)

<p>Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)</p>
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86

Bosch

Bosch was a Dutch painter who was a surrealist before there was surrealism. He had a liking for huge, detailed scenes focused on the macabre: hell, death, and torture.

<p>Bosch was a Dutch painter who was a surrealist before there was surrealism. He had a liking for huge, detailed scenes focused on the macabre: hell, death, and torture.</p>
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87

Quinten Massys

scene of everyday life: financial transaction, detailed rendering of the figures, objects and setting, comments of netherlandish values, financial transactions distracted from religious values

<p>scene of everyday life: financial transaction, detailed rendering of the figures, objects and setting, comments of netherlandish values, financial transactions distracted from religious values</p>
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88

Pieter Brugel

Flemish Painter who painted everyday lives of Peasants

<p>Flemish Painter who painted everyday lives of Peasants</p>
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89

Sofonisba Anguissola

first woman artist to gain an international reputation. Woman who was known for making portraits and paintings of her family/famous people.

<p>first woman artist to gain an international reputation. Woman who was known for making portraits and paintings of her family/famous people.</p>
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90

Byzantine Style

Used lots of gold leaf to evoke the heavenly realm, used hierarchy scale, lacked naturalism (2 dimensional)

<p>Used lots of gold leaf to evoke the heavenly realm, used hierarchy scale, lacked naturalism (2 dimensional)</p>
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91

14th Century Florence

Start of the Renaissance, Byzantine style, started to become more naturalistic, lots of religious works

<p>Start of the Renaissance, Byzantine style, started to become more naturalistic, lots of religious works</p>
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92

14th Century Siena

Used International Gothic Style, used less gold, more naturalism (Duccio/Simone Martini)

<p>Used International Gothic Style, used less gold, more naturalism (Duccio/Simone Martini)</p>
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93

15th Century Northern Art in Eurpore

Religion and politics depicted; invention on oil, printing press, and used greater illusionism (tromp l'oiel." Used more naturalistic styles. (Jan Van Eyck)

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94

Renaissance Art in 15th Century Italy

Greater use of humanism; used Greek mythology and religion as subject matter; started using foreshortening and styles of perspective; used realistic proportions, tromp l'oiel, scientific linear perspective, and nudity in figures. (Lorenzo Ghiberti)

<p>Greater use of humanism; used Greek mythology and religion as subject matter; started using foreshortening and styles of perspective; used realistic proportions, tromp l'oiel, scientific linear perspective, and nudity in figures. (Lorenzo Ghiberti)</p>
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95

16th Century Art in Italy

Large focus on perfect body proportion (Leonardo), subject matter was Greek mythology or religion. Detailed facial expressions and focus on anatomy.

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96

The Renaissance in Venice

Interested in sfumato, color and light; subject matter was poetry and pleasure of the sense (poesia); less religious and more concerned with mood; lots of sensual nude figures (Titian used a red oil base to create a luminous image (Venetian glow)); used lots of allegory

<p>Interested in sfumato, color and light; subject matter was poetry and pleasure of the sense (poesia); less religious and more concerned with mood; lots of sensual nude figures (Titian used a red oil base to create a luminous image (Venetian glow)); used lots of allegory</p>
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97

Later 16th Century Venice

Began the use of mannerism;

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98

Mannerism

Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symmetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions and compression of space. More expressive than realistic. Style that is associated with the death of Rafael. Influenced by Michelangelo.

<p>Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symmetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions and compression of space. More expressive than realistic. Style that is associated with the death of Rafael. Influenced by Michelangelo.</p>
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99

16th Century Art in Northern Europe and Iberian Peninsula

Protestants believed in idolatry (against worshipping images). Martin Luther posted 95 Thesis to reform the church. Humanism began from Italy and influenced by the Italian ideas of proportion. Also played with the ideas of mannerism, realism, and naturalism. (Albert Durer, El Greco, Bosch, Pierter Brugel)

<p>Protestants believed in idolatry (against worshipping images). Martin Luther posted 95 Thesis to reform the church. Humanism began from Italy and influenced by the Italian ideas of proportion. Also played with the ideas of mannerism, realism, and naturalism. (Albert Durer, El Greco, Bosch, Pierter Brugel)</p>
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