3 - heresy

History

What was the consequence of failing to accept the official religion in early modern England?

It was regarded as treason, leading to accusations of heresy and trials.

How could accused heretics avoid execution?

They were given the opportunity to recant (renounce their beliefs).

How many people were executed for heresy during Mary Tudor’s reign?

280 people were put to death as heretics.

Who were the most well-known Protestant bishops burned during Mary Tudor’s reign?

Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, burned in 1555.

Name three Protestants executed in Wales under Mary Tudor.

• Robert Ferrar, Bishop of St. David’s (1555)

• Rawlins White, a fisherman (1555)

• William Nichol, a labourer (1558)

How did Elizabeth I respond to Catholic threats?

She was vigilant against Catholics and executed those spreading Catholic beliefs.

Who was the first Catholic executed in Wales under Elizabeth I?

Richard Gwyn, a school teacher, executed in Wrexham in 1584.

Who was William Davies, and why was he executed?

He was executed in 1593 for publishing Catholic pamphlets.

What was John Penry’s crime that led to his execution?

He was executed for spreading Puritan ideas.

What was the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), and who led it?

A religious rebellion against Henry VIII’s reforms, led by Robert Aske.

What was Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554), and what was its cause?

A rebellion against Mary Tudor’s marriage to Philip II of Spain, led by Thomas Wyatt.

What caused the Apprentice Riots of 1595?

Economic problems led to spontaneous riots.

What was the Gunpowder Plot (1605), and who led it?

A Catholic plot to assassinate King James I by blowing up Parliament, led by Robert Catesby.

Why did Catholics plot against King James I?

He enforced strict laws against Catholic worship and fined recusants for not attending Church of England services.

How was the Gunpowder Plot foiled?

Guy Fawkes was caught beneath Parliament with explosives.

What was the Popish Plot (1678), and who led it?

A fabricated conspiracy against Catholics, led by Titus Oates.

What was the Monmouth Rebellion (1685), and who led it?

A rebellion against James II’s Catholic rule, led by the Duke of Monmouth.

What major event peaked the religious and political conflicts of the era?

The English Civil War of the mid-17th century.