1/49
2nd Semester - 3rd Quarter
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Disaster
refers to a sudden calamitous event that brings great damage, loss, destruction and devastation
Strong hazard + increased exposure + increased vulnerability = DISASTER
A disaster occurs when a strong hazard meets high exposure and vulnerability. Reducing exposure and vulnerability can help prevent disasters.
People and Property
By keeping this two things as distant as possible from hazards we can reduce the level of vulnerability and exposure of people.
Natural Disaster and Man-made Disaster
Classification of Disasters
Natural Disaster
It is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruption, hurricanes, fire, tornado, and extreme temperatures.
Man-Made Disaster
It is caused by man in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions.
Disaster Risk
the potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and service which could occur in a particular community or a society over some specified future time period.
Climate Change
Environmental Degradation
Poverty and Inequality
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
Weak Governance
5 Factors which Underlie to Disasters
Climate Change
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
Environmental Degradation
changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards
Poverty and Inequality
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in context of widespread poverty.
Weak Governance
Unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Vulnerability
the susceptibility of an individual or group of people to the impact of natural hazards.
characteristics and circumstances that make a society susceptible to a hazard
quantifying the vulnerability is important because it can help us to estimate how much mitigation and preparedness is applicable in certain areas
Exposure
degree to which a community is likely to experiment hazard events of different magnitude
Social and Physical Vulnerability
Two Types of Vulnerability
Social Vulnerability
inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values.
Physical Vulnerability
the element exposed to hazard during typhoon if the houses are destroyed
Hazard
it is defined as the of danger and something that may cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a country.
A slippery pathway in a school
is a situation that best demonstrate a hazard.
Natural, Quasi-Natural, and Technological Hazard
Types of Hazard
Natural Hazard
a naturally occurring physical phenomena having atmospheric, geologic or hydrologic origin. Type of hazards that arises from natural processes in the environment.
Quasi-Natural Hazard
type of hazard that arises through interaction of natural processes and human activities. Examples are SMOG, WATER POLLUTION AND AIR POLLUTION
Technological Hazard
type of hazards arises directly as a result of human activities
Earthquake
A vibration on the surface of the Earth as a result of sudden release of energy due to the movement of plates
A community that experiences an earthquake with a depth of focus of 100km
are the community that will be least affected by an earthquake
Ground Shaking
Group Rupture
Liquefaction
Earthquake-induced landslides
Earthquake-induced ground subsidence
Fire
Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards
Ground Shaking
This describes the vibration of the ground where an earthquake occurs which is usually recorded in terms of intensity.
Intensity
Earthquake is usually recorded in terms of this
Ground Rupture
primary hazard caused by an earthquake. It happens on areas where the fault zone moves.
Cracks on the ground/fault
Ground Rupture
Liquefaction
secondary effect of an earthquake described as collapse of buildings caused by earthquake vibrating water-saturated fill or unconsolidated soil.
Subsidence - lowering of the ground, often occurs during an earthquake
Liquefaction - the strength and stiffness of soil is reduced by earthquake shaking
Difference between subsidence and liquefaction
Subsidence
is the lowering of the ground surface often occurs during an earthquake
Liquefaction
is the phenomena in which the strength and stiffness of the soil is reduced by earthquake shaking.
Earthquake-induced landslides
Landslides refer to a wide range ground movement such as rock fall and debris fall
Earthquake-induced ground subsidence
potential earthquake hazards results the lowering of the ground surface often occurs during an earthquake
Fire
might happen when ground shaking results to breakage of gas, electrical lines and fuel lines, and overturning of stoves
Tsunami
It is the seismic sea wave in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Brown
In hazard map this color mean could experience very strong shaking
Gray
In earthquake map, moderate intensity is represented by this color
Magma
molten rocks found beneath the Earth
Sulfur dioxide
is the toxic gas released naturally by volcanic activity
Silica content
characteristics of magma mainly affects the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption
Viscosity
property of substances to resist flow
Mudflow
is the emission of voluminous quantities of loose, unconsolidated tephra which become deposited on the landscape
Lava flow
is the most damaging to property, as they can destroy anything in their path
Gustatory
is the sense that is not used in detecting premonitory events before a volcanic eruption.
Harmonic tremors
is the signs of an impending volcanic eruption refers to the swelling of volcano that signals the accumulation of magma near its surface.
Chemical content
Temperature
Turbidity
the following that should be continuously monitored to in a lake or hot spring around a volcano