Unit 1. Civil War

Sectionalism

Loyalty towards one's section or state rather than the union.

Northeast

A highly industrial region with many factories and factory workers.

Northeast Factories

Facilities that manufactured textiles, iron wares, and machinery.

Northwest

Region primarily occupied by independent family farmers, known as the Bread Basket of the U.S.

Cash crops

Agricultural products like cotton, sugar, and tobacco that were economically significant in the South.

Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imported goods, affecting trade dynamics between the North and South.

Pro-Slavery

Belief that African Americans were inferior and should not be treated as equals.

Anti-Slavery

Movement advocating for the humane treatment of African Americans and the removal of the cruel mistreatment.

Abolitionists

Individuals who sought to end the system of slavery, including figures like Sojourner Truth, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Tubman, and Frederick Douglass.

Secession

The act of states withdrawing from the Union, beginning with South Carolina after Lincoln's election.

Westward Expansion

The debate over whether new territories should allow slavery, impacting political power.

Compromise of 1820

Agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing the Missouri Line.

• Above = Free State

• Below = Slave State

Wilmot Proviso (1850)

A failed proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico from Mexico-American War.

Compromise of 1850

Legislation that admitted California as a free state, banned the sale of slaves in Washington DC, used popular sovereignty in Mexican territories, and enforced the Fugitive Slave Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas was split into Kansas and Nebraska. Legislation that allowed popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska.

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott sued for his freedom and was denied

Supreme Court judge Roger Taney, ruling that denied African Americans citizenship and upheld slavery as property.

Decided that Congress cannot intervene with slavery since they cannot take away people’s property.

John Brown Raid

An armed attempt by radical abolitionist John Brown to incite a slave rebellion by raiding an arsenal, resulting in his capture.

South’s “States’ Rights”

The belief in the South that states could choose to secede from the Union. Since they were the ones that signed the Consitution

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln's election led to the secession of South Carolina plus 6 other Southern states and the formation of the Confederacy.

Anaconda Plan

Northern strategy to blockade the South using ships and control the Mississippi River during the Civil War.

King Cotton

Southern strategy to leverage cotton trade for support from Britain and France.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's declaration freeing slaves in rebelling states, aimed at weakening the Confederacy.

• Gained ex-slave supporters

• Foreign countries liked him

Battle of Gettysburg

A pivotal battle in the Civil War that marked a turning point in favor of the North by Winfield Scott.

• Bloodiest battle (50,000+ deaths)

Battle of Vicksburg

A significant Union victory that gave control of the Mississippi River to the North by Ulysses S. Grant.

March to the Sea (“Scorched Earth”)

William Sherman's march through the South while burning property and resources, aimed at crippling Confederate resources.

Consequences of the Civil War

Major loss of life, abolition of slavery, strengthened federal government, and preservation of the Union.