Cranial nerves

Olfactory Nerve function

Smell

Olfactory nerve location

Originate in superior portion of nasal cavity and terminates in olfactory bulbs

Olfactory nerve pathology

Loss of smell

Optic nerve function

Sight

Optic nerve location

retina through optic foramina …. then to visual cortex

Optic nerve pathology

Contralateral loss of vision

Oculomotor nerve function

Adapt the lens in your eye for focuc. pupillary sphincter of iris

Oculomotor nerve location

Midbrain

Oculomotor nerve pathology

Focal issues, inhibility to move eye to area, light entry

Trochlear nerve function

superior oblique muscle: medially rotate the eye

Trochlear nerve location

Nucleus near midbrain

Trochlear nerve pathology

Inahbility to control cross eyed movement, loss of motor

Trigeminal nerve branch 1

Ophthalmic

Ophthalmic fuction

Sensations from forehead, eyelids, nose sides

Trigeminal nerve branch 2

Maxillary

Maxillary function

Sensation from eyes to top teeth

Trigeminal nerve branch 3

Mandibular

Mandibular function

Sensations from cheek, lower teeth, mandible, mouth floor.

Sensations on tongue (touch, temp, pressure, not taste)

Mandibular motor

mastication, biting, and chewing

Abducens nerve function

Lateral rectus muscles, abducts and moves eye laterally

Abducens nerve location

Origin in pons

Abducens nerve pathology

Restricted lateral eye movement

Facial nerve function

Motor: 5 branches, innervates face, scalp, and neck muscles

Sensory: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and signals of the face and scalp

Facial nerve location

Originates in the pons and ends in the gustatory cortex

Facial nerve pathology

facial expression issues and loss of anterior taste

Vestibulocochlear nerve two divisions

Vestibular and chochlear

Vestibular fuction

orientation and movement of the head

Vestibular location

Vestibular ganglion

Chochlear functions

sense of hearing

Chochlear location

spiral ganglion

Vestibulocochlear nerve pathology

Loss of hearing and equilibrium(balance), potential vertigo

Glossopharyngeal nerve function

Motor: only innervates the stylopharynges muscle

Sensory: taste on posterior tongue, BP changes in carotid artery artery, blood chemistry changes

Glossopharyngeal nerve location

Pharynx and larynx muscles, stimulate saliva glands

Glossopharyngeal nerve pathology

Loss of swallow and reduction of saliva production while eating

Vagus nerve function

PNS activiation and pharyngeal principal motor nerve

Vagus nerve location

medulla to target tissues

Vagus nerve pathology

Loss of sensation of ear, taste buds, neck, and throat

Accessory nerve function

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles function

Accessory nerve location

Cranial: medulla oblongata

Spinal: C1-C6, arise from spinal cord

Accessory nerve pathology

Inability to move back and shoulder

Hypoglossal nerve function

Extrinsic and intrinsic control muscles of speech and swallowing

Hypoglossal nerve location

medulla to tongue

Hypoglossal nerve pathology

difficulty swallowing and speaking