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Topoisomerase
Relieves strain and supercoiling ahead of the replication fork
Helicase
Unzips the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSBP)
Stabilize unwound DNA strands and prevent them from rejoining
DNA Polymerase III
Adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the new DNA strand
RNA Primase
Lays down a short RNA primer to start DNA synthesis
DNA Polymerase I
Removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA Ligase
Joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand
Leading Strand
New DNA strand synthesized continuously toward the replication fork
Lagging Strand
New DNA strand synthesized discontinuously away from the replication fork
Okazaki Fragments
Short segments of newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand