AICE International History - Essay questions

All questions will be listed by unit, whether it is knowledge or analysis, then its respective number on the review packet.

e.g. (U2, K#4)

Good Luck!

(U1, K#1) Why did the European Nations take part in the Scramble for Africa in the period from 1871-1900?

- Cheap Raw Materials

- Gain Profit / Lands

- Spread Chrisitianity

(U1, K#2) What were the aims in the Treaty of Berlin (1885)?

- Divide Africa

- Keep Peace Between Imperialists

- Accessibility

(U1, K#3) Why did the Kruger Telegram cause such anger in Britain?

- British being Backstabbed

- Almost Causing War with Germany

- British Isolate from European Nations

(U1, K#4) What were the implications of the Boer Wars from British foreign policy?

- Transvaal Region

- Kruger Telegram

- Showed Weakness in British Army

(U1, K#5) Why did the USA move away from its traditional isolationist foreign policy in the period of 1871?

- Spanish-American War

- Company Competition

- Trade Routes / Military Expansion

(U1, K#6) Explain why Japan was able to defeat one of the major European powers in the Russo Japanese War 1914?

- Had the Best of Everything

- Alliance with Britain

- Russia had Disadvantage in War

(U1, K#7) Why was Serbian nationalism such a threat to Austria-Hungary?

- Spread Nationalism with Inclusion of Assassination

- Serbians was Dependent of the Ottoman Empire

- Serbia had an Alliance with Russia

(U1, K#8) Explain why each of the following countries were keen to form alliances with European nations in the late 19th and early 20th century.

- Germany

- France

- Russia

- Britain

(U1, A#1) The Industrial Revolution in Europe was the main reason for the "Scramble of Africa" between 1871-1900. How far do you agree?

Agree:

- Cheap raw materials

- Trade

- Cheap Labor

Disagree:

- Civilize

- Power

- Spread Christianity

(U1, A#2) To what extent did the African people benefit from the Scramble of Africa?

Yes, they did:

- Industrialization

- Medical Advancement

- Education

No, they didn't:

- Abused

- Tribes were Split

- Hierarchy

(U1, A#3) How far was President Theodore Roosevelt responsible for the USA's move towards a more expansionist foreign policy?

Yes:

- Spanish American War

- Roosevelt Corollary

- Panama Canal

No:

- Monroe Doctrine

- Spread Christianity

- Military Expansion

(U1, A#4) To what extent had Japan become a major world power by 1905?

Yes:

- Russo Japanese War

- Industrialized

- Powerful Navy

No:

- Copied from Others

- Russians not that Strong

- Not as Caught up (1905)

(U1, A#5) Did the development of two rival alliance systems (the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente) make a major war inevitable?

Yes:

- Alliances Beefed up Military

- Dragged into War

- Schlieffen Plan

No:

- Alliances Weren't Made to Start War

- Provided Protection

- Making of the Triple Alliance

- Making of the Triple Entente

(U1, A#6) Which of the following posed a greatest threat to international peace in the period from 1871-1914 and why?

Rivalry between _______ and __________.

Rivalry between Britain and Germany.

Yes, a threat:

- Telegram

- Triple Alliance

- Triple Entente

No, not a threat:

- Scramble for Africa

- US World Power

- Japan

(U1, A#7) How successful was Bismarck's foreign policy between 1871-1890?

Yes:

- Scramble for Africa

- Unified Germany

- Dual Alliance w/ Austria

No:

- Failure to Imperialize

- Opposing Alliances

- Anglo Russian Entente and Entente Cordiale

(U1, A#8) Did the changes to German foreign policy after 1890 make major war more or less likely?

Yes:

- Increased Military Spending

- Triple Alliance

- Imperialistic

No:

- Self Interest

- Reassurance Policy with Russia

- Entente Cordiale (French and British)

(U2, K#1) Why did the settlement of 1919-20 fail to secure lasting peace?

- Important countries weren't there

- Harsh on Germany

- Successor states have arising problems

(U2, K#2) What attempts were made to improve international relations during 1919-33?

- Genoa Conference (1922)

- Dawes Plan (1924)

- Locarno Treaty (1925)

- Young Plan (1929)

(U2, K#3) What problems continued to cause tensions from 1919-33 between the USSR, Britain, France, and Germany?

- USSR Communism

- Germany's Economic Issues

- French want Germans to pay

(U2, K#4) What were the aims and implications of U.S. foreign policy from 1919-1933?

- Back to isolation policies

- Dawes Plan (1924)

- Young Plan (1929)

(U2, K#5) Why was the issue of German reparations so important in the period of 1921-1929?

- Economic collapse

- Caused Inflation (no jobs)

- French Aggression

(U2, K#6) Why did the French adopt a more cooperative friendly approach towards Germany after 1924?

- Dawes Plan (1924)

- Locarno Treaty (1925)

- Stresemann and Briand became Friends

(U2, K#7) Why were there no Russian representatives at the Paris Peace Conference 1919-20?

- Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918)

- Lenin speads Communism

- British spies (anti-communism)

(U2, K#8) Why did the US reject the Paris Peace Settlement of 1919-20?

- Henry-Cabot Lodge

- Treatment of Germany

- 14 Points

- Isolation

(U2, K#9) Why did problems in the US economy after 1929 have a diverse effect on other countries?

- Young Plan (1929)

- Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday 1929)

- Social Unrest

(U2, A#1) What does the Treaty of Brest Litovsk 1918 suggest about Germany's attitude towards Wilson's 14 Points?

One View:

- Explain Brest Litovsk Treaty (1918)

- No care about successor states

- Germany's self-interest

Opposing View:

- Explain Wilson's 14 Points

- For successor states

- Germany forced to disarm military

(U2, A#2) Criticism of the Paris Peace Settlement is unfair and shows a lack of understanding of the problems facing the Peace-Makers in 1919-1920. Do you agree?

Agree:

- USA / Russia / Germany = no say so

- Harsh on Germans

- Italy and Japan = not happy

Disagree:

- Ended WWI

- L.O.N.

- Created successor states

- No peace is perfect

(U2, A#3) How justified were Germany's objections to the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany's Objections were Justified:

- No say so for Germany

- Forced to pay reparation

- Reduced military = bad

- Territory reductions

Germany's Objections were NOT Justified:

- They started the war

- Reduced military = good

- Brest Litovsk Treaty (1918)

(U2, A#4) The USA's decision not to ratify the Paris peace settlement was the major cause of international tensions in the period from 1919-23.

Yes:

- No Participation in L.O.N.

- Undermined the Paris Peace Accord

- Increased Insecurity

- Economically Weak

No:

- Russia / Germany = no say so

- Harsh on Germans

- Italy and Japan = not happy

(U2, A#5) What attempts were made to improve international relations in the 1920's and how successful were they?

Successful:

- Washington Naval Conference (1922)

- Rapallo Treaty (1922)

- Locarno Treaty (1925)

- Stresemann and Briand

Unsuccessful:

- Genoa Conference (1922)

- Dawes Plan (1924)

- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

(U2, A#6) To what extent was French Foreign Policy between 1919 and 1929 dictated by fear of Germany?

It Was:

- Genoa Conference (1922)

- Ruhr Occupation (1923)

- Locarno Treaty (1925)

It Wasn't:

- Washington Naval Conference (1922)

- Dawes Plan (1924)

- Young Plan (1929)

(U2, A#7) How successful was the USSR in its attempts to establish better relations with the rest of Europe between 1919-1933?

Successful:

- Rapallo Treaty (1922)

- Comintern (aka Communist International)

- Treaty of Berlin (1925)

Unsuccessful:

- All fear Communism

- French fear Russia

- British fear India

(U2, A#8) How far do you agree that by inflicting such harsh terms on Germany, the Treaty of Versailles was both unfair and unjust?

Treaty was Fair:

- They started the war

- L.O.N. keep Germany under control

- France infrastructure

Treaty was Unfair:

- Reparations - $33 billion

- Territory reduction

- Military reduction

(U2, A#9) To what extent is it fair to say and describe the post-war settlement of 1919-1920 was a bad peace?

Bad:

- Reparation

- Italy and Japan = not happy

- Germany forced to disarm military

Good:

- L.O.N.

- Ended the war

- New successor states (Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia)

(U3, K#1) Why did the Civil War break out in Spain (1936)?

- Nationalist Conservatives vs Republicans

- World Economic Crisis

- Fascist Ideals/Dictatorship

(U3, K#2) Why did the Second World War break out in 1939?

- Poland

- LON weak

- Nazi Nationalism

(U3, K#3) Why and in what way did Mussolini's policy change after 1934?

- Abyssinia

- Pact of Steel (1939)

- Antisemitism

(U3, K#4) Hitler could and should have been stopped before 1938, when his army was still too weak to fight a war against the combined forces of Britain and France. Why, then, did Britain and France take no direct action to stop him?

- LON weak

- Germany was Important for Trade

- Hitler was an Opportunist

(U3, K#5) Describe, with appropriate examples, the methods that Hitler used in order to achieve his foreign policy aims prior to the end of 1938.

- Rhineland (1926)

- Unites Germany and Austria

- Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia (1938)

(U3, K#6) Why were both Hitler and Stalin willing to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact, even though they disliked each other?

- Expansion

- World Dominance

- LON Outcasts

(U3, K#7) Explain why many of Hitler's generals were concerned by Hitler's foreign policy actions in 1939.

- Poland

- Pact of Steel (1939)

- Not ready for major war

(U3, K#8) What were the reasons for the changing relationship between Italy and Germany throughout the 1930's?

- Rome-Berlin Axis

- Both were Fascist States

- Pact of Steel (1939)

(U3, A#1) What were the aims and implications of Mussolini's foreign policy?

Successful:

- Respected the TOV

- Fiume becoming part of Yugoslavia

- Anti-Communist Pact (1937)

- Wanted Ethiopia/Abyssinia

Unsuccessful:

- Kicked out of the LON

- Corfu Greece

- Pact of Steel (1939)

(U3, A#2) What were the aims and implications of Hitler's foreign policy?

Successful:

- Restore Germany

- End Reparations

- Anschluss = Union with Austria (1938)

- Undoes the TOV

Unsuccessful:

- Kicked out of the LON

- Sudetenland & Czechoslovakia

- Poland WWII

- Nazi Soviet Pact (1939)

(U3, A#3) Why did Italy, Germany, and the USSR become directly involved in the Spanish Civil War?

???

(U3, A#4) How far do you agree that the disunity of the Republican forces was the main reason why the Nationalists were able to win the Spanish Civil War?

One View:

- Republic Divided

- International Brigade

- Battle of Madrid

Opposing View:

- Stronger (Leader)

- Military

- Weapons

- Religion

(U3, A#5) How successful had Hitler been in achieving his foreign policy aims by the end of 1938?

???

(U3, A#6) In what ways was Hitler's conquest of Czechoslovakia different from his earlier foreign policy successes?

???

(U3, A#7) Did Hitler intend to fight a major war?

Yes:

- Mein Kampf

- Lebensraum

- Poland

No:

- Hitler was an Opportunist

- He Couldn't Predict France and Britain's Reactions

- Unintended Aggression

(U3, A#8) To what extent was the policy of appeasement adopted by countries such as Britain and France responsible for the outbreak of WWII?

Yes:

- Military Buildup

- Austria

- Czechoslovakia

No:

- LON = weak

- Appeasement

- Munich Pact (1938)

(U3, A#9) To what extent was the USSR responsible for World War Two?

It was:

- Nazi Soviet Pact

- LON

- Communist spread

It was NOT:

- LON weak

- Anti communist sentiments

- Slavic

(U3, A#10) The aims of Hitler's foreign policy was such that Germany would eventually end up fighting a war against Britain at some point. How far do you agree?

???

(U4, K#1) Why did support for Communism grow in China during the 1930's?

- Long March (1934)

- Yan'an

- Manchuria (1931)

(U4, K#2) How was Chiang Kai-Shek able to become leader of China?

- Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Death

- He was a Military Man

- He was a Nationalist

(U4, K#3) Why did collaboration between the Kuomintang and the Communists end after 1927?

- Purification Movement (1927)

- Capitalist Influence

- Promised land reforms

(U4, K#4) Why was China so weak by 1919?

- Weak Central Government

- Warlord Conflicts

- TOV made Chinese Weak

(U4, K#5) Why did the May 4th movement occur?

- TOV made Chinese Weak

- Warlords conspire with japan to control China

- Chinese Nationalism Emerges

(U4, K#6) Why did the Japanese economy experience difficulties in the period from 1919 to 1931?

- Great Depression (1929)

- Washington Naval Conference

- TOV

(U4, K#7) Should the Long March be seen as victory or defeat for the Chinese Communist Party?

(Victory!)

- They United

- Pick up Communists along the Way

- Yan'an Region

(U4, K#8) Why did Japan become a military dictatorship during the 1930's?

- The Diet

- Expansion

- Marco Polo Bridge

- Protecting Assets

(U4, K#9) Why did Japan complete the takeover of Manchuria in 1931-32?

- China Civil War

- Japan not Monitored

- Targeted by Chinese Nationalists

(U4, A#1) To what extent was the World Economic Crisis responsible for Japan becoming a military dictatorship during the 1930's?

It Was:

- Economic Difficulties

- Unmonitored Military

- The Japanese Diet

It was NOT:

- Militaristic Culture

- Emperor allowed

- Never had true democracy

(U4, A#2) To what extent was dissatisfaction with the Kuomintang the main reason for the growth in support for Communism in China during the 1930's?

It Was:

- Kuomintang was Corrupt

- They gave heavy taxation

- Turn against the Communists, their own people

It was NOT:

- Warlords

- Many were pro-Kuomintang at first

- ???

(U4, A#3) To what extent did the Japanese foreign policy change as a result of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941?

It Did:

- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

- Pearl Harbor

- Manchuria (N. China)

It did NOT:

- Pearl Harbor

- Japan never feared Russia

- Japan took over Manchuria before

(U4, A#4) The Kuomintang failure to establish effective government throughout China during the 1930's was caused by poor leadership. How far do you agree?

Agree:

- Chiang Kai-Shek

- Should've set up Strong Central Government before

- Shouldn't have Attacked

Disagree:

- Chiang Kai-Shek did his Best

- Enemies

- Preserve the Western System

(U4, A#5) How successful was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

It was Successful:

- Destroyed Fleet

- Stopped Embargo

- Surprise Attack

It was NOT Successful:

- U.S. Joins War

- Didn't destroy all of the navy

- Lost WWII

(U4, A#6) In terms of political beliefs, Sun Yat Sen and Chiang Kai-Shek had little in common. How far do you agree?

Agree:

- Different Upbringing

- Inclusivity

- Different Educations

Disagree:

- Were both Nationalists

- Both respected western culture

- Both had western ideas

(U4, A#7) Why did Japan's move towards democracy come to an end in the early 1930's?

One View:

- Economic Problems

- Emperor Hirohito

- Diet/Tojo

Opposing View:

- Emperor still in charge

- Not Truly the end of Democracy

- Diet did not dissolve

(U4, A#8) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was the logical outcome of Japanese foreign policy. How far do you agree?

**Same terms as (U4, A#5)**

(U4, A#9) Chiang Kai-Shek's decision to end collaboration between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party was an error of judgment. How far do you agree?

It was an error:

- Divided Country

- More Communists

- Extreme Purification

It was NOT an error:

- Future of China

- Soviet Influence

- Right time

You Finished!

good Job !

now study it all.