Complexity of Human Movement

goal of PT for patient

to interact with the environment effectively and efficiently

higher order functions

memory

motivation

attention

cognition

executive function

theories of motor control

Reflex

Hierarchical

Program

Dynamic

Ecological

Reflex theory

responses are caused by stimulus, complex responses are caused by multiple responses

EX: reflexive responses

Hierarchical Theory

controls of movement is top down within the CNS

Motor Program theory

movement does not require stimuli and learned programs of movement are called into synergy to create movement

dynamical theory

degrees of freedom

distributed control

muscle synergy

self organization

nonlinear behavior

variability

degrees of freedom

multiple ways a movement goal can be achieved

distributed control

systems work together cooperatively, not hierarchical

self organization

when the system of parts come together, they act without external stimulation

nonlinear behavior

when a control parameter changes it will illicit an action via self organization

attractor state

preferred patterns for well-learned tasks

variability

a necessary component in motor control due to everchanging environments

ecological theory

actions are dictated by the perceived environment and actual experience

contemporary model of motor control

individual

task

environment

individual constraints

cognition

action

perception

task constraints

mobility

stability

manipulation

environmental constraints

regulatory

nonregulatory

The Perception-Action Continuum

Sensing

Perception

Interpreting

Conceptualization

Planning

Activating

Executing

feedforward

plan before executing

feedback

compared plan to result and enables correction

knowledge of performance

how was a task performed

knowledge of results

was the task successful