Pharmacist role in viral hepatitis

Which hepatitis is prevented by the HBV vaccine?

Hepatitis B (and indirectly Hepatitis D).

What is the first-line treatment for chronic HBV?

Tenofovir or Entecavir.

How does Peginterferon work?

(Pegylation - prolongs half-life of interferon)

Peg-IFN Activates natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages

Peg-IFN can suppress HBV DNA replication significantly and induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss

What is HBIG used for?

Immediate passive immunity post-exposure to HBV (provides protection until vaccine becomes effective)

Which hepatitis requires HBV co-infection?

Hepatitis D.

Name two viral non-structural proteins targeted by HCV DAAs.

NS3/4A protease, NS5A protein, NS5B polymerase.

When is ribavirin added to HCV therapy?

In cirrhosis or difficult-to-treat genotypes.

What is a major ADR of ribavirin?

Anaemia; also teratogenic.

What should be checked before starting DAA therapy?

HCV genotype, liver stage, drug interactions.

What is monitored with tenofovir therapy?

Renal function and bone density.

What is bulevirtide used for?

Hepatitis D (entry inhibitor).

How long is typical DAA therapy?

8–12 weeks.

What is a key community pharmacist role in hepatitis?

Vaccination, point-of-care testing, harm reduction.

Why is adherence critical in HBV treatment?

Prevents resistance, maintains viral suppression, reduces progression.