Subjunctive Tense

present subjunctive uses

- to express hope, will, or wish

- when the subject is unknown or nonexistent (not a specific person or thing)

- to express uncertainty or denial

- to express a suggestion or a recommendation

- to express doubt or disbelief

Present Subjunctive Uses Acronym

W- wishing, wanting

E- emotion

I- impersonal expression

R - recommendations

D- doubt, denial

O- ojalá (I hope, I wish

-ar regular verbs

* Put the verb in the yo form of the present indicative tense, take out the "o", and add the opposite ending

e

es

e

emos

éis

en

-er/-ir regular verbs

* Put the verb in the yo form of the present indicative tense, take out the "o", and add the opposite ending

a

as

a

amos

áis

an

Regular Verb changes in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* in verbs that end in -zar, -z -> -c

Cruzar

cruce

cruces

cruce

crucemos

crucéis

crucen

Regular Verb changes in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* in verbs that end in -car, -c -> -qu

Buscar

busque

busques

busque

busquemos

busquéis

busquen

Regular Verb changes in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* in verbs that end in -gar, -g -> -gu

Pagar

pague

pagues

pague

paguemos

paguéis

paguen

Regular verb changes in the Present Indicative Tense

* o -> ue stem-changing boot verbs in the present tense

* -ar/-er verbs change in all forms except for nosotros and vosotros

Volver

vuelva

vuelvas

vuelva

volvamos

volváis

vuelvan

Recordar

recuerde

recuerdes

recuerde

recordemos

recordéis

recuerden

Promover: promuev-

Resolver: resuelv-

Mostrar: muestr-

Costar: cuest-

Regular Verb changes in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* e -> ie stem-changing boot verbs in the present tense

* -ar/-er verbs change in all forms except for nosotros and vosotros

Cerrar

cierre

cierres

cierre

cerremos

cerréis

cierren

Querer

quiera

quieras

quiera

queramos

queráis

quieran

Apretar: apriet-

Gobernar: gobiern-

Defender: defiend-

Entender: entiend-

Pensar: piens-

Querer: quier-

Regular Verbs that change in the Present Subjunctive

* -ir stem-changing verbs

* o -> ue, o -> u ONLY in nosotros and vosotros forms

Dormir

duerma

duermas

duerma

durmamos

durmáis

duerman

Morir: muer-, muramos and muráis

Regular Verb changes in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* -ir stem-changing verbs

* e -> ie, e -> i ONLY in nosotros and vosotros forms

Sentir

sienta

sientas

sienta

sintamos

sintáis

sientan

Preferir: prefier-, prefiramos and prefiráis

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Dar

dé

des

dé

demos

deis

den

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Estar

esté

estés

esté

estemos

estéis

estén

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Haber

haya

hayas

haya

hayamos

hayáis

hayan

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Ir

vaya

vayas

vaya

vayamos

vayáis

vayan

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Saber

sepa

sepas

sepa

sepamos

sepáis

sepan

Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive Tense

* Ser

sea

seas

sea

seamos

seáis

sean

Present Perfect Subjunctive Uses

- to express emotion, judgement, doubt, or hope about something that has happened

-ar/-er/-ir verbs in the present perfect subjunctive

* conjugate the verb haber in the present subjunctive tense and add the past participle ending to the first verb

haya

hayas

haya

hayamos

hayáis

hayan

-ar past participle: -ado

-er/-ir past participle: -ido

Haber

haya/hayas/haya/hayamos/hayaís/hayan

saber

sepa/sepas/sepa/sepamos/sepás/sepan

ser

sea/seas/sea/seamos/seáis/Sean

estar

esté/estés/esté/estemos/estéis/estén

hacer

haga/hagas/haga/hagamos/hagáis/hagan

ir

vaya/vayas/vaya/vayamos/vayáis/vayan

dar

dé/des/dé/demos/deis/den

decir

diga/digas/diga/digamos/digáis/digan

seguir

sign/sigas/siga/sigamos/sigáis/sigan

venir

venga/vengas/venga/vengamos/vengáis/vengan

tener

tenga/tengas/tenga/tengamos/tengáis/tengan

conocer

conozca/conozcas/conozca/conozcamos/conozcan