Science and Technology

Programming

lập trình

Eg:Game programming gives developers a chance to bring imagination to life.

She’s passionate about teaching programming to children in rural areas.

Learning programming teaches you not only how to talk to computers, but how to think logically and creatively

Digital/tech-savvy

Thành thạo công nghệ

Eg:Being tech-savvy is about using technology with purpose, not addiction

Digital-savvy customers expect fast responses and seamless online services

A digital-savvy society still needs strong critical thinking..

Service/network outage

Sự cố dịch vụ/mạng bị gián đoạn,ngừng hoạt động=breakdown

E.g.Students couldn’t submit their assignments because of a sudden network outage at school

There was a service outage on the streaming platform last night, and millions couldn’t watch the new episode

The banking app experienced a service outage during peak hours, causing long delays for customers

Leverage technology/resource/expertise

Tận dụng công nghệ/nguồn lực/chuyên môn

Eg:The company leveraged the expertise of senior engineers to design a safer product

Small businesses can leverage local resources to reduce costs and boost efficiency.

Startups often leverage technology to reach global markets without huge budgets

Retrieve information/data/document/result

Trích xuất thông tin/dữ liệu/tài liệu/kết quả

Eg:The system can quickly retrieve information from a large database

Google Scholar enables us to retrieve relevant literature quickly and provides high-quality results, supporting us in completing tomorrow’s presentation.

Configuration file

(Tệp cấu hình)tệp chứa các thiết lập và quy tắc để một chương trình/hệ thống biết phải hoạt động như thế nào.

Eg:Cloudflare reported that an automatically generated configuration file triggered widespread failures.

If you change the configuration file, the application will behave differently

Maintenance

Việc bảo dưỡng,bảo trì(hệ thống, thiết bị)

Eg:The factory machinery undergoes maintenance every six months.

The website will be down for system maintenance from 1 a.m. to 3 a.m.

Regular maintenance of your car can prevent costly repairs later

Resistor

Điện trở:linh kiện trong mạch điện dùng để cản trở dòng điện và giảm cường độ dòng điện xuống mức mong muốn

Eg:The engineering student accidentally used the wrong resistor value, causing the antenna test to fail.

Resistors are essential in almost every electronic device, from phones to medical equipment

She learned how to identify resistors by reading the color bands printed on them.

Circuit

(Mạch điện)hệ thống các linh kiện nối lại thành vòng để dòng điện chạy quanh.

Eg:She designed a circuit that helps reduce power loss in medical devices.

This device stopped working because one component in the circuit burned out.

Automotive mechatronics

Cơ điện tử ô tô

Eg:She is specializing in automotive mechatronics to work on self-driving cars.

Be compatible with

Tương thích với,hợp nhau, phù hợp để cùng vận hành,tồn tại/làm việc(máy móc,phần mềm,tính cách con người,giá trị sống)

Eg:They ended the relationship because their lifestyles were no longer compatible.

The new policy is compatible with international standards.

Roll out a program/technology/platform/system

Triển khai,ra mắt chương trình/công nghệ/nền tảng/hệ thống

Eg:The school rolled out an online learning platform during the pandemic.

Our company will roll out a new AI-based system to improve customer service.

Several countries are rolling out 5G technology across major cities.

Ubiquitous

seeming to be everywhere:

Eg:In the digital age, misinformation is as ubiquitous as the platforms that spread it.

Plastic waste has become an unfortunately ubiquitous part of modern life.

Fast-food chains are ubiquitous in big cities, popping up on almost every corner.

Disable Bluetooth/Wi-Fi

Tắt Bluetooth/Wi-Fi=turn/switch off

Eg:Parents sometimes disable Wi-Fi at night to stop kids from staying up late online.

If your phone overheats, try disabling Wi-Fi and mobile data for a while.

Some companies disable Wi-Fi access on employee devices to prevent data leaks.

Extend battery life

Kéo dài tuổi thọ/thời gian sử dụng pin của thiết bị><battery drain

Eg:Car owners try to avoid fast charging too often to extend the battery life of their EV.

Laptop manufacturers are developing smarter charging systems to extend battery life over the years.

You can extend battery life by disabling features you don’t need, like Bluetooth or GPS.

Sound/thermal/electrical Insulation

Cách âm/cách nhiệt

Installing sound insulation in the studio helped reduce outside noise

The walls have poor insulation, so the house gets hot easily in summer

Many modern homes use thermal insulation to reduce heating costs in winter.

Underway(adj)

Đang diễn ra,triển khai,tiến hành=being launched

A full investigation is underway after the accident.

Talks are underway to reduce carbon emissions in the city.

Construction is underway, and the building will open next year

Keep device powered on

Để/giữ/duy trì thiết bị ở trạng thái bật

Eg:As a remote worker, I have to keep my device powered on and connected to the server at all times

Tech giants like Apple and Google now generally recommend keeping devices powered on, so they can receive updates, perform automatic backups, and maintain background services like push notifications or “Find My” features.

Scheduled reboot

Khởi động lại theo lịch trình

Eg:One of the most useful features in custom Android skins is the option to set a scheduled reboot time, which helps prevent app crashes and improves daily responsiveness.

The company's servers undergo a scheduled reboot every Sunday night to clear memory leaks and ensure optimal performance for the week ahead

Responsiveness

Khả năng phản ứng,độ nhạy,tính đáp ứng,sự kịp thời.

Eg:The new software update significantly improved the responsiveness of the user interface, making navigation feel much smoother

Lead

Chì(Pb)kim loại nặng,mềm,xám đậm,độc hại><mercury(Hg)thủy ngân

Eg:Batteries in older cars contain a significant amount of lead.

The factory was fined for releasing lead dust into the environment.

Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning

Obsolete

outdated=old-fashioned><advanced/state-of-the-art/cutting-edge/up-to-date/modern

Eg:If you don’t keep your skills updated, you risk becoming obsolete in the job market

Some social norms feel completely obsolete in modern society

Many traditional jobs may become obsolete due to automation.

E-waste

Rác điện tử

Eg:Governments are introducing stricter laws to regulate e-waste management.

E-waste recycling is becoming a profitable industry due to the valuable metals inside devices.

Developing countries often receive illegal shipments of e-waste from richer nations.

Custom card

Thẻ tùy chỉnh,được thiết kế riêng theo nhu cầu,sở thích/hành vi của người dùng

Eg:Fitness apps often rely on custom cards to display calories, workouts, and health tips.

Spotify Wrapped presents custom cards that summarize your music taste

Waterproof(adj/N)

Kháng nước hoàn toàn><water-resistant:chống nước nhẹ

Eg:Engineers developed a waterproof coating for electronic circuits.

The tent wasn’t waterproof, so the entire camping trip became a soggy disaster.

Penguins rely on waterproof feathers to stay warm in icy waters.

Be outfitted with IoT sensors

được trang bị cảm biến IoT

Eg:The city’s drainage system is outfitted with IoT sensors to predict flooding.

Smart homes outfitted with IoT sensors can automatically adjust lighting, temperature, and security systems.

The hospital is outfitted with IoT sensors that track patients’ heart rates in real time.

Sets A apart from B

Khiến ai/cái gì nổi bật,khác biệt

Eg:What sets Gemini apart from ChatGPT is that it allows users to generate multiple image outputs with no apparent limitations

What sets my wife apart is not just her gentle smile, but also her kindness. When neighbors are struggling, she willingly lends money without expecting anything in return

Copper

🔩(đồng,ký hiệu Cu)có màu nâu đỏ,dẫn điện và nhiệt rất tốt

Eg:Copper was one of the first metals used by humans, marking the beginning of the Bronze Age

Old houses often have copper pipes instead of plastic ones.

A lack of copper in the diet can negatively affect cognitive function

Reach/draw a conclusion

Đi đến kết luận

Eg:Don’t draw conclusions based on limited information

He reached the conclusion that quitting the job was the right decision.

She listened carefully to both sides before reaching a conclusion.

Grounded in reality/science/experience/cultural value

Dựa trên thực tế/khoa học/trải nghiệm/giá trị văn hóa

Eg:Their marketing strategy is grounded in cultural values, which helps the brand connect deeply with local consumers.

His leadership style is grounded in experience — he learned how to manage crises after spending 15 years in the field

Her career advice is grounded in reality — she tells students not just to dream big, but to calculate risks, build skills, and understand the job market.

Excerpt from sth

Đoạn trích nguyên văn#Quote: câu trích dẫn(thường ngắn hơn excerpt)

Eg:This excerpt provides insight into the author’s mindset.

The excerpt illustrates how social values change over time.

The passage is an excerpt from a scientific journal

Synthesize opinions/ideas

Tổng hợp,kết nối nhiều thông tin rời rạc để tạo thành 1 bức tranh hoàn chỉnh, có ý nghĩa

Eg:He listened quietly, synthesizing different opinions

She’s good at synthesizing ideas during meetings.

I need time to synthesize everything I’ve learned today.

Compilation and interpretation

Sự tổng hợp (thu thập,sắp xếp) và diễn giải (hiểu, giải thích, rút ý nghĩa)dữ liệu/thông tin

Data does not speak for itself; meaning comes from compilation and interpretation

The compilation and interpretation of feedback helped improve the product.

Good decisions depend on accurate compilation and interpretation of information.

Magnetic field strength

⚡🌍🧲cường độ từ trường(mức độ mạnh hay yếu của từ trường tại1 điểm nhất định)

Magnetic field strength is invisible,but without it, modern life would quietly collapse.

Scientists study changes in magnetic field strength to predict solar storms.

Variations in magnetic field strength can affect satellite navigation systems.

Atom

Nguyên tử:đơn vị nhỏ nhất của NTHH gồm nucleus(hạt nhân) mang điện tích dương và các electron mang điện tích âm chuyển động xung quanh

Nuclear reactions release massive amounts of energy

Changing the nucleus changes the element itself

The nucleus contains most of an atom’s mass.

Muon

Hạt cơ bản có: điện tích âm giống electron nhưng M>200 lần

Scientists use muons to scan pyramids and volcanoes

Muons are produced when cosmic rays hit Earth’s atmosphere