171-190 w/o words

Echinodermata

a phylum of the kingdom Animalia. sedentary animals that possess a spiny exoskeleton. They are the first deuterosomes, meaning that the blastospore develops into the anus. Sea urchins are _________.

Ecosystem

a blanket term given to the interaction of living and non-living things. It is one level below the biosphere in the ecological hierarchy, and one level above the community.

Electrons

the negatively charged particles that spin around the nucleus of an atom. They are even smaller than protons and neutrons, and are effectively massless.

Elements

the simplest substances that make up matter, meaning they cannot be broken down into simpler substances and still retain their elemental properties. Elements are the most basic building blocks of matter,which makes up every organism.

Elongation(RNA translation)

The addition of amino acids to mRNA is called _______. Each amino acid forms a peptide bond as it combines to the mRNA, and the creation of a series of peptide bonds results in a polypeptide.

Endocytosis

a kind of cellular transport that occurs when the particle that wants to enter a cell is too large to pass through the membrane. The cellular membrane will stretch out and actually engulf the particle, forming a pocket for it to fit into before pinching and closing around the particle. This will form either a vacuole or a vesicle. There are three kinds of __________ :pinocytosis, phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Also known as the ER, the endoplasmic reticulumis a continuous channel that weaves throughout many regions of the cytoplasm. Ribosomes attach to a portion of the ER known as the rough ER, or RER.

Enzymes

organic catalysts. Their presence will speed up the rate of a cellular reaction,without otherwise affecting the reaction.

Epidermis

One of three layers of skin, the _______ rests on top of the dermis and forms a barrier against invading microorganisms

Epistasis

occurs when the genes at one locus influence the expression of genes at a different

Eubacteria

prokaryotes that lack distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.

Euglenophyta

a phylum of the
kingdom Protista. ______ are
unicellular organisms possessing
photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll A
and chlorophyll B. They live in
freshwater and possess flagella and an
eyespot.

Exocytosis

the expulsion of large particles out of the cell. The cell ejects either waste products or specific secretions by fusing a vesicle with the plasma membrane

Facilitated transport

the name given to the transport of lipid-soluble substances from one side of the membrane to the other.

First law of thermodynamics

states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed

Fats

a type lipid, usually consisting of three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol (and there by known as triglycerides).

Filtration

one of the processes by which urine is produced in the nephron.

Fauna and flora

refers to the animal life of anecological region, and refers to the plant life.

Fermentation

A process by which anaerobic organisms derive energy, _____________ is the conversion of pyruvic acid to either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol(ethanol) and carbon dioxide.

Feces

the undigested remains of food that the body expels via the digestive system.