Chapter 25 - The Spanish-American War and the Imperialism Debate

Spheres of influence

________- Economic competition + defense.

Spheres of influence

Economic competition + defense

1890

The Influence of Sea Power upon History

Cuba

Sugar + tobacco + coffee

1895

Cuban slave revolt w/ modern weapons

General Valeriano "Butcher" Weyler

Cuban concentration camps

"Yellow journalism"

Sensationalize news → Boost circulation

Havana, Cuba

Maine protects Americans

1898

Destroyed + sunk in explosion

Yellow journalism

"Remember the Maine! "

1898

Teller Amendment (US doesnt want to interfere in Cuban affairs)

1901

Platt Amendment

1893

American sugar + fruit planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani

McKinley

Pro-annexation

1898

Annexed Hawaiian islands

Coaling stations

US islands stocked w/ coal

1899

John Hay

Boxers

Wanted to overthrow Qing Dynasty

Boxers

Kill all foreigners in China

1904

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (allowed canal zone)

1914

Completed

Mexican Revolution (1911)

Guerilla fighter

Imperialists

Gain Pacific Ocean territories

Teddy Roosevelt

Panama Canal + Great White Fleet

Imperialism Debate

The great debate over American overseas expansion saw the two main strands of exceptionalist belief come into direct conflict with one another

Spheres of Influence

A diplomatic term denoting an area in which a foreign power or powers exerts significant military, cultural, or economic influence

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century"

Cuban Revolution

The revolution led by Fidel Castro and a small band of guerrilla fighters against a corrupt dictatorship in Cuba

Spanish-American War

A war between the United States and Spain in 1898

Joseph Pulitzer

A Hungarian-American politician and newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World

USS Maine

A United States Navy ship that sank in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April

Teller and Platt Amendment

Proclaimed that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba

Rough Riders

A nickname given to the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one to see combat

Hawaii

The largest and southernmost of the Hawaii islands; has several volcanic peaks

Coaling Stations

Repositories of fuel that have been located to service commercial and naval vessels

Insular Cases

A series of decisions by the justices beginning in 1901 concerning the constitutional rights of residents of U.S. territories acquired in the Treaty of Paris ending the Spanish-American War

Filipino Insurrection

An armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that lasted from February 4, 1899, to July 2, 1902

Open Door Policy

Called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government

Roosevelt Corollary

Stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries

Panama Canal

A ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States

Great White Fleet

The popular nickname for the group of United States Navy battleships which completed a journey around the globe from December 16, 1907 to February 22, 1909 by order of President Theodore Roosevelt

Dollar Diplomacy

Diplomacy influenced by economic considerations

Pancho Villa

A key figure in the revolutionary movement that forced out President Porfirio Díaz and brought Francisco I. Madero to power in 1911