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Autonomy
Involves self-determination, independence, and the right to refuse treatments even if health care professionals believe they are the âbestâ course of action
Active listening
Possibly the best, most important, and most effective intervention of all. It involves awareness of the patientâs verbal and nonverbal communication as well as of oneâs own verbal and nonverbal communication
DSM-V
Reference designed to provide descriptions of psychiatric conditions to help standardize specific psychiatric illness. It does not provide a list of medical and psycho/social interventions for those mental illnesses
Symptoms
Nurses should be treating based off the patientâs presenting ________
Psychosis
A category of mental health problems that are distinguished by gross impairment in reality testing
Compulsion
A recurring, irresistible impulse to perform some act
Lability
Rapid changes in mood or affect
Hypomania
A clinical syndrome that is similar to but less severe than that described by mania or âmanic episodeâ
Affect
Generally refers to a patientâs facial expression (objective)
Anosognosia
Lack of insight; symptom of severe mental illness experienced by some that impairs a personâs ability to understand and perceive his or her illness. It may be the single largest reason why people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder refuse medications or do not seek treatment
Mania
A condition characterized by mood or behavior that is extremely elevated, expansive, or irritable
Delusion
A fixed, false belief that is firmly maintained even though it is not shared by others and is contraindicated by reality
Euphoria
A highly elevated mood often associated with mania
Mood
The patientâs self-report of prevailing emotional state (subjective)
Commitment
Involuntary admission in which the request for hospitalization did not originate with the patient
Hallucination
Perceptual distortion of arising from any of the five senses
Obsession
An idea, emotion, or impulse that repetitively and insistently forces itself into consciousness
Dementia
A chronic or persistent, generally progressive disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning
Somatization
A tendency to experience and communicate psychological distress in the form of physical symptoms and to seek medical help to treat the physical symptoms
Seclusion
Separating the patient from others in a safe, contained environment with minimal stimulation
Resilience
The process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress
Milieu
The controlled environment of treatment facilities in which patients are provided with a safe, stable, coherent, therapeutic environment
Concreteness
Literal thinking that is focused on the physical world. It is the opposite of abstract thinking
Ex: âwhat brings you to the hospital todayâ âthe busâ
Delirium
An acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs with rapid onset and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, changes in level of consciousness, and incoherence of thought and speech
Dissociation
Separation and detachment of emotional significance and affect from an idea or situation
Regression
Retreating to an earlier and more comfortable level of adjustment
Denial
Disowning of consciously and intolerable ideas and impulses; refusal to perceive conflict
Repression
Involuntary and automatic regulation of unbearable ideas and impulses
Undoing
An attempt to actually and symbolically take away a previously consciously intolerable action or experience
Projection
Rejecting and imputing to others disowned aspects of the self; attributing intolerable wishes, emotional feelings, and motivations to other persons
Compensation
An attempt to make up for a real or fancies deficiencies. A real or imagined inadequacy is alleviated from over-compensation by substituting another goal to maintain own self-respect and gain others approval
Displacement
Redirection of emotional feeling from one idea, person, or object to another
Rationalization
An attempt by the ego to make unacceptable feelings and behavior consciously tolerable and acceptable
Appearance, Mood, Sensorium, Intellect, Thought processes
AMSIT acronym meaning
Appearance
Refers to the age, gender, race/ethnicity, weight, dress, hygiene, gait/movement, posture, and behavior of the patient
Mood
Refers to the patientâs subjective feelings, observed affect, and the congruency of this and the affect
Sensorium
Refers to the patients orientation, to person, place, time, and situation
Intellect
Refers to the patientâs intellectual ability
Above/below average as evidenced byâŚ
Thought processes
Refers to processes exhibited by the patient that has evidence to go with it
Circumstantiality
The focus of a conversation drifts but often comes back to the point
Clanging
Severe form of flight of ideas whereas idea are related only by similar or rhyming sounds rather than actual meaning
Confabulation
Disturbance of memory, defined as the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive
Cognitive Distortions
Exaggerated or irrational thought patterns that are believed to perpetuate the effects of psychopathological states, especially depression and anxiety
Disorganized Thinking
A failure to âthink straightâ
Word salad
Confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases
Thought blocking
Person stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence
Tangential thoughts
Train of thought of the speaker wanders and shows lack of focus, never returning to the initial topic of the conversation
Pressured Speech
A tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly, as if motivated by an urgency not apparent to the listener
Poverty of thought
A thought disruption, frequently correlated with dementia, extreme depression, and schizophrenia, wherein there is lessened spontaneity and progression of thought as proven by speech with is general or full or mundane
Perseveration
The repetition of a particular response
Obsessive thoughts
Preoccupation with an idea or unwanted feeling or emotion, often accompanied by symptoms of anxiety
Neoglisms
New word formations
Flight of ideas
Rapid flow of thought, manifested by accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic
Echolalia
Echoing of anotherâs speech
Distractible speech
Subject of speech changed in response to an external stimulus
Distress, disability, divergence, diagnosis
4 Dâs of mental illness
Threat to self, threat to others, not meeting Maslowâs lower order needs
Can be legally hospitalized by law if⌠(3)
Diathesis Stress Model
Most accepted explanation for mental illness:
Combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environment stressors
Beneficence
The duty to promote good
Least restrictive technique
Treatment and conditions of treatment which, separately and in combination, are no more intrusive or restrictive of freedom than reasonably necessary to achieve a substantial therapeutic benefit or to protect the individual from physical injury
Transference
Feelings that are transferred from patient to provider
Countertransference
Feelings that are transferred from provider to patient
Attentive Listening
Form of listening theorized by Freud; one of the most effective forms of verbal communication
Erikson and Piaget
Theorists who focused on stages of development
Calm, confident, compassionate, consistent, in control
5 Câs
Safety, physiological integrity, touchy-feely stuff
3 Priorities
Therapeutic relationship
Goal is to help the patient move towards optimal health
Clarifying techniques
Paraphrasing, restating, reflecting, and exploring are examples of these techniquesâŚ
âwhyâ questions
Kind of question that is very NON-therapeutic
Ethnocentrism
Refers to individualsâ belief that their cultural values and practices are correct and superior to those of others
Verbal, chemical, physical
Three levels of interventions (in order)
Maslow
Theorized the hierarchy of needs
Pavlov and Skinner
Theorists who focused on behavioral modifications
Peplau
Focused on the art and science of nursing