anatomy lab 1

4 chambers of the heart

right atrium , left atrium , left ventricle, right ventricle

what is this - posterior view

(above left ventricle)

coronary sulcus

what is this - anterior view

(above left ventricle)

coronary sulcus

what is this

anterior interventricular sulcus

(seperates the two ventricles on the anterior side)

what is in green

posterior interventricular sulcus

what is this 

apex of the heart

where is the base of the heart

at the top of the heart, opposite the apex

function of right atrium (behind right auricle)

• Receives deoxygenated venous blood from Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus. and pumps it into right ventricle

function of left ventricle (mostly posterior)

Thickest wall; strong trabeculae & papillary muscles

Pumps oxygenated blood → body (aorta)

receives blood from the left atrium.

left atrium function

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle.

right ventricle function

• Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk to the lungs

• receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium.

Interatrial Septum function

Separates right & left atria; contains fossa ovalis which allows for fetal blood flow.

what is this

interatrial septum separating the atria.

anterior view

what is this

interatrial septum 

posterior view 

interventricular septum function

Thick wall that separates ventricles and supports conduction system

what is this

interventricular septum

posterior view

what is this

interventricular septum

lateral view

Tricuspid Valve (Right atrioventricular valve) function

Prevents backflow to right atrium during ventricular contraction.

what is structure B

tricuspid valve

between right atrium and right ventricle

bicuspid (mitral) valve

Prevents backflow to left atrium during ventricular contraction.

what is structure D

bicuspid/mitral valve

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve function

• prevents backflow from pulmonary artery into right ventricle.

Prevents blood return from pulmonary artery

what structure is this 

pulmonary semilunar valve

located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

aortic semilunar valve function

Prevents blood return from aorta into left ventricle.

• prevents backflow from aorta into left ventricle.

right and left auricles 

The auricles are pectinated muscle structures that form a pouch on the exterior surface of the heart. 

• They increase the capacity of the atria, allowing for greater blood volume.

what are these structures in purple

right and left auricle

left auricle overlaps what

pulmonary trunk

right auricle overlaps

ascending aorta.

right ventricle coverage

Forms most of the anterior surface of the heart. 

behind the sternum.

left ventricle coverage

Forms the left inferior border and part of the apex.

visible from the left and slightly posterior

heart apex

formed by left ventricle 

formed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left 

what does the surface of right ventricle show

trabeculae carneae and conus arteriosus (smooth upper region leading to pulmonary trunk).

how is left ventricle diff from right ventricle

Thicker myocardium compared to right ventricle.

apex has point of what

Point of maximal impulse (PMI) on chest wall.

anterior interventricular sulcus contains what

• great cardiac vein  

• Anterior interventricular artery (LAD), and small cardiac vein.

what does the coronary sulcus do

Separates the atria from the ventricles and contains important blood vessels.

what does coronary sulcus contain 

• Right & left coronary arteries,

• coronary sinus

FRONT VIEW

superior vena cava function

Returns blood from head & upper limbs

superior vena cava location

enters the top of right atrium

(front view)

Ascending Aorta → Aortic Arch vessel function

Sends oxygenated blood to systemic circulation

Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Arteries function

Sends deoxygenated blood to lungs

Pulmonary Trunk → Pulmonary Arteries location

anterior 

Arises from right ventricle

Ascending Aorta → Aortic Arch vessel

anterior

Emerges from left ventricle

what enters left atrium 

Four pulmonary veins

what forms most of the base of the heart

left atrium

what is the location of coronary sinus

lies on the posterior side

coronary sulcus location

large venous channel - Drains cardiac veins into right atrium.

pulmonary veins funciton

carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium from the lungs.

superior and inferior vena cava function

carry deoxygenated blood from the body and return it to the right atrium.

aortic arch → descending aorta

passes posteriorly into thoracic aorta

what seperates the ventricles

interventricular septum, a posterior groove

what does interventricular septum contain?

posterior interventricular artery (from RCA)

what does right atrium contain

pectinate muscles.

what does right ventricle received blood from

tricuspid valve from right atrium

what does the interior of right ventricle contain

trabiculae carne, papillary muscles, and conus arteriosus

where do trabiculae carne, papillary muscles and conus ateriorsus lead to

pulmonary valve

what is the blue structure

superior vena cava

what is this structure 

also svc

what structure is highlighted in green

inferior vena cava

what structure is highlighted in green

ascending aorta

what is the structure in green

aortic arch

what is the structure in green

pulmonary trunk

what structure is being pointed to

left pulmonary artery

what structure is in green

right atrium

what structure is left to the green

left atrium

what is being pointed to in this picture

coronary sinus

what are the structures in green and pink

2 left and 2 right pulmonary veins

what is the long structure

descending aorta

Inferior Interventricular Sulcus

groove on posterior side that seperates the ventricles

where does inferior interventricular sulcus lie

Lies near the diaphragmatic surface of the heart.

function of inferior interventricular sulcus 

pathway for major coronary blood vessels that supply the ventricular myocardium.

what does the inferior interventricular sulcus contain

• Posterior Interventricular Artery (branch of the right coronary artery).

• Middle Cardiac Vein which drains into the coronary sinus.

left atrioventricular valve names

bicuspid or mitral valve

what is the name of this structure at the top

bicuspid/ left atrioventricular/ mitral valve

what are the name of the white stringy items

chordae tendineae

fossa ovalis 

a depression in the interatrial septum that is a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

what is this

fossa ovalis

intratrial septum funciton

prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in left and right atrium 

what structure is in green 

trabeculae carnae

where are trabeculae carnae

Ridges of muscle on ventricle wall.

what do chordae tendineae do

string-like muscles that anchor the valve cusps

papillary muscles function

cone shaped

They anchor the valve flaps in place during contraction and make sure they close tightly during each heartbeat.

what is the structure in orange 

papillary muscles 

aortic vestibule function

smooth-walled outflow tract guides blood from the left ventricle toward the aortic valve

what is number 34

aortic vestibule (smooth muscle wall in left ventricle)

what is the smaller green structure (superior view) 

aortic valve 

what is number 35 (inferior)

aortic valve (tricupsid valve)

aortic valve function

prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle during diastole.
c

right atrium receives what from what

deoxygenated blood from heart and body

coronary sinus function

The coronary sinus serves as the main venous drainage system of the myocardium, collects most heart’s deoxygenated blood and returns to right atrium

think sinus = drains

where is the opening of the coronary sinus

bottom of right atrium 

(lateral right view) what is the opening slightly above the right ventricle

opening of the coronary sinus

where is the opening of the inferior vena cava 

posterior wall of the right atrium

what is number 36 (this is the right atrium)

inferior vena cava opening

what is number 38 in right atrium

pectinate muscles

pectinate muscles function

ridges that increase the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially

where are pectinate muscles? 

the outer part of the wall of the right atrium has parallel ridges in it

what does conus arteriosus lead to 

pulmonary valve

what is number 44

conus arteriosus

conus arteriosus function

directing blood from the right ventricle into pulmonary artery, leading to lungs for oxygenation.