GENBIO L1 Q2

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPATE

What does ATP stand for?

ATP

Serves as the primary energy currency of the cell

ADENINE

ATP has this nitrogenous base

RIBOSE

ATP has this 5-carbon sugar

THREE PHOSPATE GROUPS

ATP consists of adenine, ribose, and?

PHOSOPHOANHYDRIDE BONDS

The high-energy bonds that link the three phosphate groups together

ATP HYDROLYSIS 

The process by which ATP is broken down into ADP and P, releasing energy that can be used to power cellular processes

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPATE

What does ADP stand for?

INORGANIC PHOSPATE

What does Pi stand for?

PHOSPHORYLATION

The process of reconversion from ADP to ATP

ATP AND ADP CYCLE

Allows energy to be stored, transported, and released in a controlled manner

ENZYMES

Play a crucial role in both ATP hydrolysis and phosphorylation

KINASES

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phospate groups from ATP to other molecules 

ATPASES

Catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP

SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION

Occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, where ADP is directly produced from the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate group of ADP

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Occurs in the mitochondria and involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis to generate ATP from ADP and Pi

PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

Occurs in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis, where light energy is used to generate ATP

MUSCLE CONTRACTION

ATP provides energy for the sliding of actin and myosin filaments in the muscle cells

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

ATP powers the movement of molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradients

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

ATP is required for the activation of amino acids and the formation of peptide bounds

DNA REPLICATION

ATP provides the energy of unwinding the DNA double helix and synthesizing new DNA strands

NERVE IMPULSE TRANSITION

ATP is required for maintaining the resting membrane potential of nerve cells and the transmission of nerve impulse cells