VI : Gram – Cocci

T

Neisseria is non-motile (t/f)

1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2. Neisseria meningitidis

3. Moraxella catarrhalis

Species of Neisseria

F

Neisseria is AEROBIC (t/f)

Neisseria is ANAEROBIC (t/f)

Neisseria is capnophilic (5-10%)

Neisseria is capnophilic (-%)

F

Neisseria is COLD SENSITIVE

Neisseria is HEAT SENSITIVE (t/f)

T

Neisseria is non-hemolytic (T/F)

T

Neisseria (t/f)

most species are CHO fermenters

- Pathogenic Neisseria are usually fastidious and would usually grow optimally at 35-37 °C

- Pathogenic Neisseria are usually fastidious and would usually grow optimally at -

Neisseria requires enriched media containing IRON, HEMMIN, COENZYME I, which can be found in Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

Neisseria requires enriched media containing -, which can be found in Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP)

T

Most commensal Neisseria can grow on Chocolate Agar Plate (CAP) or Blood Agar Plate (BAP) at room temp (t/f)

1. N. flava

2. N. flavescens

3. N. subflava

FFS

Neisseria develops non-pigmented colonies except

N. elongata

Neisseria

all are catalase test (+) except:

N. elongata

Neisseria

all are cytochrome oxidase tests except

Oxidase / Cytochrome Oxidase Test / Taxo N

Screening test/ Presumptive Test of Neisseria

1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

Neisseria

Oxidase / Cytochrome Oxidase Test’s reagent

Purple

Neisseria

Oxidase / Cytochrome Oxidase Test’s + result

CHO Utilization / Sugar Fermentation Test

Confirmatory test of Neisseria

CYSTEINE TRYPTICASE AGAR (CTA) + added 1% sugar (sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose - SFLG)

Neisseria

Agar used in CHO Utilization / Sugar Fermentation Test

Phenol Red

Neisseria

Indicator in CHO Utilization / Sugar Fermentation Test

Yellow

Neisseria

Indicator in Acid pH of CHO Utilization / Sugar Fermentation Test will turn media into

kidney, coffee bean-shaped

shapes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

T

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is diplococci (t/f)

T

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is INTRACELLULAR within PMN (t/f)

T

Neisseria gonorrhoeae ferments GLUCOSE only (t/f)

Superoxol / Catalase Test

a rapid test to detect N. gonorrhoeae

Superoxol / Catalase Test uses 30% H2O2 with a (+) result: vigorous bubbling

Superoxol / Catalase Test uses - H2O2 with a (+) result:

1. Pili

2. Lipopolysaccharide

3. Outer Membrane Protein

4. Protein I

5. Protein II

6. IgA Protease

7. Cellular Membrane proteins (PorB only)

8. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

Virulence Factor of N. gonorrhoeae

Pili

Virulence Factor of N. gonorrhoeae

promotes attachment to the host cell

Lipopolysaccharide

Virulence Factor of N. gonorrhoeae

source of ENDOTOXIN

• Outer Membrane Protein

• Protein I

• Protein II

Virulence Factor of N. gonorrhoeae

affects antibody formation

Cellular Membrane proteins (PorB only)

Virulence Factor of N. gonorrhoeae

inhibits phagocytosis

1. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)

2. Ophthalmia neonatorum

3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

4. Pharyngitis

5. Anorectal Infections (Rectal Gonorrhea)

6. Disseminated infections (bacteremia, arthritis, and metastatic infection)

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

acute purulent urethritis, prostatitis, and epididymitis (males); acute cervicitis (females)

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) causes acute purulent urethritis, prostatitis, and epididymitis (males); acute cervicitis (females)

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) causes acute purulent urethritis, prostatitis, and - (males); - (females)

Ophthalmia neonatorum

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) that has been transmitted to an infant through mother during pregnancy which can be treated Erythromycin to prevent blindness

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) with untreated gonococcal cervicitis may cause sterility and perihepatitis / Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome

1. bacteremia

2. arthritis

3. metastatic infection

BAM

DX associated with N. gonorrhoeae

Disseminated infections which are

1. PUS

2. Secretions from urethra, cervix, prostate, rectal mucosa, throat, and joint fluid (UCRPTJ)

Spx of N. gonorrhoeae

1. V - ancomycin

2. C - ystatin

3. N - ystatin

VCN

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Thayer Martin

Vancomycin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Thayer Martin

inhibits G + bacteria

Nystatin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Thayer Martin

inhibits G – bacteria

Cystatin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Thayer Martin

inhibits growth of fungi

VCN - T

(Trimethoprim lactate )

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Modified Thayer Martin

Trimethoprim lactate

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Modified Thayer Martin

inhibits swarming of proteus

VCAn-T

An - Anisomycin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Martin-Lewis

Anisomycin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Martin-Lewis

inhibits growth of fungi

VCAm-T

Am - Amphitericin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

New York City

VCAm- TL

L - Lincomycin

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

GC LECT

VCAm- TL (Lincomycin)

MEDIA USED FOR CULTURING Neisseria gonorrhoeae

GC LECT

inhibits G + bacteria

F

Neisseria meningitidis is bean-shaped diplococci; sensitive to SPS

Neisseria meningitidis is bean-shaped diplococci; resistant to SPS (t/f)

Neufeld Quellung Test (+)

Neisseria meningitidis

Neufeld Quellung Test

Neisseria meningitidis

Ferments glucose and maltose

Neisseria meningitidis

ferments - and -

Neisseria meningitidis

natural habitat: ORO & NASOPHARYNX

Neisseria meningitidis

natural habitat:

F

—for lactose, sucrose, and fructose

Neisseria meningitidis (t/f)

– or + for lactose, sucrose, and fructose

T

Neisseria meningitidis (t/f)

- serogroups are based on the type of capsular polysaccharide

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. X

6. Y

7. Z

8. 29E

9. W135

10. L

Neisseria meningitidis

serogroups include

1. Capsule

2. Pili

3. Endotoxin

4. IgA protease

5. Cellular membrane proteins (Por A and Por B)

6. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin

Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

Capsule

Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

enables organisms to resist phagocytosis

Pili

Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

promotes attachment

Endotoxin

Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

causes petechial formation and DIC

IgA Protease

Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

important in pathogenesis; antibody found in mucous membrane

BSL 3/4

What BSL is Neisseria meningitidis under

1. Bacterial Meningitis

2. Meningococcemia

3. Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

Meningococcemia

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

organism in the blood; VERY FATAL

Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

a severe form of meningococcemia

Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

bleeding of adrenal glands and uncontrollable clotting of blood

1. CSF

2. blood

3. nasopharyngeal swab

4. petechial skin lesions

Specimen of Neisseria meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis

morphologically and biochemically resembles

Neisseria

T

Moraxella catarrhalis is encapsulated with pili, non-motile (t/f)

Moraxella catarrhalis is catalase and oxidase (+)

Moraxella catarrhalis is catalase and oxidase

nonhemolytic

Moraxella catarrhalis on BAP

Moraxella catarrhalis

a normal flora of ORO and NASOPHARYNX but may cause OTITIS MEDIA

F

Moraxella catarrhalis it does not degrade sugar (assacharolytic)

Moraxella catarrhalis does degrade sugar (assacharolytic) (t/f)

Butyrate Disk Test

Screening Test of Moraxella catarrhalis

blue (after 5 minutes of incubation)

Butyrate Disk Test + result

BROMO- CHLORO- INODNYL BUTYRATE

Butyrate Disk Test reagent

a. N. gonorrhoeae

Which of the following is a leading STI?

a. N. gonorrhoeae

b. N. lactamica

c. N. sicca

d. N. mucosa

c. Blood

Which of the following media is not acceptable for primary growth of N. gonorrhoeae ?

a. Chocolate

b. Thayer-Martin

c. Blood

d. Martin Lewis

b. Maltose fermentation

N. gonorrhoeae can be differentiated from N. meningitidis by:

a. Dextrose fermentation

b. Maltose fermentation

c. Lactose fermentation

d. Nitrate reduction

Hockey Puck

colonies remain intact when pushed across the plate using inoculating loop

DNase Test / Taxo M

best test differentiate M. catarrhalis to another Moraxella

Moraxella catarrhalis

An organisms grows on blood agar at RT & nutrient agar at 37C. The organism has the ability to use CHO & is nitrate +, DNase +, & ONPG –. The organism is:

T

PPNG (Penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae) (t/f)

purple

Taxo N ---cytochrome oxidase→Indophenol blue

+result

1. Neisseria

2. Moraxella

3. Pseudomonas

PMN

Taxo N ---cytochrome oxidase→Indophenol blue

+for what species

Nitrocefin

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR Neisseria

Best substrate of Beta-lactamase test:

color change

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR Neisseria

▪ (+) result of Beta-lactamase test

Beta-lactamase test

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR Neisseria

Held on primary culture because plasmid is lost on subculture

Beta-lactamase test

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR Neisseria

Done on bacteria resistant to penicillin

1. Chromogenic cephalosporin test

2. Iodometric test- starch iodine complex + penicillin

3. Acidimetric test- phenol red +CITRATE- BUFFERED PEN

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR Neisseria

Beta-lactamase test are

Pink / Red

Chromogenic cephalosporin test + result

Yellow

Chromogenic cephalosporin test – result

Colorless

Iodometric test- starch iodine complex + penicillin + result

Purple

Iodometric test- starch iodine complex + penicillin – result

Yellow

Acidimetric test- phenol red +CITRATE- BUFFERED PEN + result

Red

Acidimetric test- phenol red +CITRATE- BUFFERED PEN – result